Reivindicaciones
1. A method for preparing covalent organic frameworks (COFs) comprising: a plurality of amine subunits selected from the group consisting of diamines of formula I, triamines of formula Ia and tetraamines of formula Ib, <img class="EMIRef" id="245848166-ib0019" /> wherein R<1>is selected from the group consisting of substituted and un-substituted aryl groups, and substituted and un-substituted macrocyclic groups, and a plurality of aldehyde subunits selected from the group consisting of dialdehydes of formula II, trialdehydes of formula IIa and tetraaldehydes of formula IIb, <img class="EMIRef" id="245848166-ib0020" /> wherein R<2>is selected from the group consisting of substituted and un-substituted aryl groups, and substituted and un-substituted macrocyclic groups; and wherein: i) each diamine subunit of formula I is bonded with at least one aldehyde subunit of formula IIa or IIb, by an imine bond, ii) each triamine of formula Ia is bonded to at least one aldehyde subunit of formula II or IIa, by an imine bond, or iii) each tetramine of formula Ib is bonded to at least one aldehyde subunit of formula II or IIb, by an imine bond; wherein said method comprises the following steps: a) adding a plurality of amine subunits of formula I, Ia or Ib to a first organic solvent; b) adding a plurality of aldehyde subunits of formula II, IIa or IIb to a second organic solvent; and c) mixing together the solutions obtained in steps a) and b). 2. The method according to claim 1, further comprising: d) adding an acid solution to the resulting mixture of step c); and e) filtrating the product obtained in step d). 3. The method according to any of claims 1 to 2, furthercharacterized in thatthe combination of the first organic solvent and the second organic solvent of steps a) and b) gives a factor F higher than 50. 4. The method according to claim 3, wherein each of the first organic solvent and the second organic solvent of steps a) and b) are independently selected from the group consisting of the group of m-cresol, dimethyl sulfoxide and mixtures thereof. 5. The method according to any of claims 1 to 2, furthercharacterized in thatthe combination of the first organic solvent and the second organic solvent of steps a) and b) gives a factor F lower than 50. 6. The method according to claim 5 wherein each of the first organic solvent and the second organic solvent of steps a) and b) are independently selected from the group consisting of the group of dichloromethane, chloroform, methanol, ethanol, acetone, tetrahydrofuran and mixtures thereof. 7. COFs obtainable according to the method of any of claims 1 to 6. 8. COFs obtainable according to the method of any of claims 1 to 4, wherein the COFs are in the form of a gel. 9. COFs obtainable according to the method of any of claims 2, 5 and 6, wherein the COFs are in the form of a solid with sphere-like microstructure. 10. COFs comprising: a plurality of amine subunits selected from the group consisting of diamines of formula I, triamines of formula Ia and tetraamines of formula Ib, <img class="EMIRef" id="245848166-ib0021" /> wherein R<1>is selected from the group consisting of substituted and un-substituted aryl groups, and substituted and un-substituted macrocyclic groups, and a plurality of aldehyde subunits selected from the group consisting of dialdehydes of formula II, trialdehydes of formula IIa and tetraaldehydes of formula IIb, <img class="EMIRef" id="245848166-ib0022" /> wherein R<2>is selected from the group consisting of substituted and un-substituted aryl groups, and substituted and un-substituted macrocyclic groups; and wherein:i) each diamine subunit of formula I is bonded with at least one aldehyde subunit of formula IIa or IIb, by an imine bond,ii) each triamine of formula Ia is bonded to at least one aldehyde subunit of formula II or IIa, by an imine bond, oriii) each tetramine of formula Ib is bonded to at least one aldehyde subunit of formula II or IIb, by an imine bond;characterized in thatthe COFs are in the form of a gel or a solid with sphere-like microstructure. 11. The COFs according to claim 10, wherein the COFs in the form of a gel comprise layers with an average thickness between 300 and 0.3 nm. 12. The COFs according to claim 10, wherein the COFs in the form of a solid with sphere-like microstructure comprise spheres with an average diameter between 10 and 1000 nm. 13. The COFs according to any of claims 10 to 12, wherein: a) the amine subunits are selected from the group consisting of substituted and un-substituted 1,3,5-triaminobenzene, substituted and un-substituted 1,3,5-tris(4-aminophenyl)benzene, substituted and un-substituted 1,3,6,8-tetrakis(4-aminophenyl)pyrene, substituted and un-substituted 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(4-aminophenyl)phorphyrin and substituted and un-substituted tetrakis[(4-aminophenyl)dioxaborolane]phtalocyanine, and b) the aldehyde subunits are selected from the group consisting of substituted and un-substituted 1,3,5-benzenetricarbaldehyde, substituted and un-substituted 1,3,5-tris(4-formylphenyl)benzene, substituted and unsubstituted 1,3,6,8-tetrakis(4-formylphenyl)pyrene, substituted and un-substituted 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(4-formylphenyl)phorphyrin and substituted and un-substituted tetrakis[(4-formylphenyl)dioxaborolane]phtalocyanine. 14. The COFs according to any of claims 10 to 13 further comprising a metal atom coordinated to iminic nitrogens, in particular said metal atom is selected from the group consisting of Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Ru, Pt, Pd, Rh, Ir, Au, Nd, Eu and mixtures thereof. 15. Use of the COFs in the form of a gel according to any of claims 10, 11, 13 and 14 for coating surfaces, ink-jet printing and spray deposition. 16. Use of the COFs in the form of a solid with sphere-like microstructure according to any of claims 10, 12, 13 and 14 for material encapsulation and coordination chemistry. 17. A device selected from the group consisting of solar cells, flexible displays, lighting devices, sensors, photoreceptors, batteries, capacitators, gas storage devices and gas separation devices, comprising the COFs according to any of claims 10 to 14.
