The present invention, which is included in the field of the pharmaceutical industry and pharmaceutical research, relates to chemical bis(aralkyl)amino- and (hetero)aryl-derived compounds, to the methods for the preparation thereof, to the pharmaceutical compositions that include said compounds and to the use thereof in the manufacture of a drug for treating cognitive disorders. In particular, the invention relates to compounds and compositions that protect the neurons from mitochondrial oxidative stress, which increase levels of the acetylcholine neurotransmitter and halt the neurodegeneration related to ß-amyloid peptide dysfunction. These pharmacological properties are of use for treating neurodegenerative pathological conditions, including Alzheimer's disease.