The invention relates to nanodevices for the controlled release of substances, comprising a support covered with oligosaccharides, said oligosaccharides comprising at least 3 units of monosaccharides, at least one of said monosaccharides being galactose. Said nanodevices release the load thereof in a specific manner into senescent cells. The invention also relates to the method of production thereof and to the uses of same.
1. Nanodevice for the controlled release of substances which comprises a support coated in oligosaccharides, wherein said oligosaccharides comprise at least 3 units of monosaccharides, and wherein at least one of the monosaccharides is galactose. 2. The nanodevice according to the preceding claim which comprises 3 to 10 units of monosaccharides. 3. The nanodevice according to any of the preceding claims wherein the oligosaccharide comprises 3 to 6 units of monosaccharides. 4. The nanodevice according to any of hte preceding claims wherein at least 50% of the monosaccharides are galactose, preferably all the monosaccharides are galactose. 5. The nanodevice according to any of the preceding claims characterised in that it has a diameter of 10 nm to 250 nm, preferably of 25 nm to 150 nm. 6. The nanodevice according to any of the preceding claims wherein the support is a mesoporous support, preferably mesoporous silica. 7. The nanodevice according to any of the preceding claims wherein the pore diameter of the support is 0.5 nm to 10 nm, preferably 1.5 nm to 3.5 nm. 8. The nanodevice according to any of the preceding claims which moreover comprises the substance to be released. 9. The nanodevice according to the preceding claim wherein the substance to be released is selected from the list which comprises indicators, compounds for the reactivation of telomerase, cytotoxic compounds and any combinations thereof. 10. The nanodevice according to any of claims 8 to 9 wherein the substance to be released is selected from the list which comprises peptide GSE 24-2, peptide TAT2, cisplatin, oxaliplatin, carboplatin, doxorubicin, camptothecin, etoposide, 5-fluorouracil, gemcitabine, cytosine, arabinoside, 6-mercaptopurine, taxanes, vincristine, vinblastine, adriamycin methotrexate, pemetrexed and any combinations thereof. 11. The nanodevice according to any of claims 8 to 10 wherein the proportion of the substance to be released is of 0.01 to 0.50 g per g of support. 12. Method of obtainment of the nanodevice according to any of the preceding claims which comprises the stages of: a) functionalising the oligosaccharides with a silane group, b) suspending the support in a solution of the substance to be released, c) adding to the above suspension an excess of the oligosaccharide functionalised in stage (a). 13. Method of obtainment according to the preceding claim wherein stage (b) is left to stir for 1 to 48 hours, preferably for 10 to 30 hours. 14. Method of obtainment according to any of claims 14 to 15 wherein stage (b) is carried out in a solvent selected from the list which comprises methanol, ethanol, propanol, isopropanol, acetone and acetonitrile, preferably ethanol. 15. Method of obtainment according to any of claims 12 to 14 wherein the proportion of functionalised oligosaccharide/support is 1 to 5 times in mass. 16. Method of obtainment according to any of claims 12 to 15 wherein stage (c) is left stirring for 0.5 to 20 hours, preferably for 1 to 10 hours. 17. Composition which comprises the nanodevices according to claims 1 to 11. 18. The composition according to the preceding claim, wherein said composition is pharmaceutical. 19. The composition according to any of claims 17 to 18 which moreover comprises pharmaceutically acceptable excipients. 20. The composition according to any of claims 17 to 19, wherein said composition is in the form of a tablet, capsule, powder, granule, solution, suppository or syrup. 21. The composition according to claim 17, wherein said composition is cosmetic. 22. The composition according to the preceding claim, wherein said composition is in the form of a cream, lotion, gel or powder. 23. Use of the nanodevice according to claims 1 to 11, for the preparation of a medicament. 24. Use of the nanodevice according to claims 1 to 11 for the preparation of a medicament for the treatment and/or prevention of diseases which occur with overexpression of β-galactosidase. 25. Use according to the preceding claim, wherein the overexpression of β-galactosidase takes place in senescent cells. 26. Use according to any of claims 24 to 25 wherein the disease is selected from the list that comprises the Wiedemann-Rautenstrauch syndrome of neonatal progeria, the Werner syndrome of adult progeria, Hutchinson-Gilford syndrome, Rothmund Thompson syndrome, Mulvill-Smith syndrome, Cockayne syndrome, Dyskeratosis Congenita, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, aplastic anaemia, emphysema, type 2 diabetes, and degeneration of cartilage 27. Use of the nanodevice according to claims 1 to 11 to manufacture a cosmetic composition. 28. Use of the nanodevice according to claims 1 to 11 for the detection and quantification of senescent cells.