Reivindicaciones
1. Viral particle comprising a nucleotide sequence consisting essentially of: SEQ ID NO: 1, SEQ ID NO: 2, SEQ ID NO: 3 or SEQ ID NO: 4, for use in the treatment of cancer, wherein the cancer is characterized by presenting mutations in the gene TP53 and/or post-translational modifications in the p53 protein. 2. Viral particle for use, according to claim 1, wherein the post-translational modifications of the p53 protein are constitutive, induced by genotoxic chemotherapy drugs, or induced by oncogenic viruses. 3. Viral particle for use, according to any of the claims 1 or 2, wherein the post-translational modification of the p53 protein consists of the phosphorylation of the Ser15 residue. 4. Viral particle for use, according to any of the claims 1 to 3, wherein the mutation of the TP53 gene is selected from the group comprising: R273H, P72R, E258K, G245S and/or V173L. 5. Viral particle for use, according to any of claims 1 to 4, wherein the mutation of the TP53 gene is in the DBD or PRD regions the p53 protein. 6. Viral particle for use, according to any of claims 1 to 5, wherein the genotoxic chemotherapy drug that induces the post-translational modifications in the p53 protein is selected from the group comprising: cisplatin, hydroxyurea, 5-fluoruracyl, gemcitabine or cytosine arabinoside. 7. Viral particle for use, according to any of claims 1 to 6 , wherein the cancer is selected from the group comprising: glioma, glioblastoma, acute myeloid leukemia, lung adenocarcinoma, bladder carcinoma or rectal adenocarcinoma, which present the R273H, P72R, E258K, G245S and/or V173L mutations in the TP53 gene . 8. Viral particle comprising a nucleotide sequence consisting essentially of: SEQ ID NO: 1, SEQ ID NO: 2, SEQ ID NO: 3 or SEQ ID NO: 4 for use, according to any of claims 1 to 7, in combination with one genotoxic chemotherapy drug, wherein the viral particle is administered simultaneously, after, or before the chemotherapy drug. 9. Viral particle for use, according to claim 8, in combination with a genotoxic chemotherapy drug in the treatment of a type of cancer characterized by presenting the R273H mutation in the TP53 gene, selected from the group comprising: lung cancer, cancer esophagus, liver cancer, pancreatic cancer, bladder cancer, colorectal cancer, prostate cancer, glioblastoma, glioma, head and neck cancer, breast cancer, stomach cancer, ovarian cancer, cancer of the uterus, or melanoma. 10. Viral particle for use, according to any of claims 8 or 9, wherein the genotoxic chemotherapy drug is selected from the group comprising: cisplatin, hydroxyurea, 5-fluoroacyl, gemcitabine or cytosine arabinoside. 11. A pharmaceutical composition comprising a viral particle which in turn comprises a nucleotide sequence consisting essentially of: SEQ ID NO: 1, SEQ ID NO: 2, SEQ ID NO: 3 or SEQ ID NO: 4 in combination with a genotoxic chemotherapy drug. 12. Pharmaceutical composition according to claim 11, wherein the genotoxic chemotherapy drug is selected from the group comprising: cisplatin, hydroxyurea, 5-fluoruracyl, gemcitabine or cytosine arabinoside. 13. Method for determination of mutations in the TP53 gene and/or post-translational modifications in the p53 protein which comprises the use of a viral particle comprising a nucleotide sequence consisting essentially of: SEQ ID NO: 1, SEQ ID NO : 2, SEQ ID NO: 3 or SEQ ID NO: 4. 14. Method for in vitro diagnosis of cancer, or for selection of cancer patients, comprising the determination of mutations in the gene TP53 and/or post-translational modifications in p53 protein using the viral particle comprising a nucleotide sequence essentially consisting of: SEQ ID NO: 1, SEQ ID NO: 2, SEQ ID NO: 3 or SEQ ID NO: 4. 15. Mutations in the TP53 gene, and/or post-translational modifications in the p53 protein for use in the treatment of cancer, where the mutations of the TP53 gene is selected from the group comprising: R273H, P72R, E258K, G245S or V173 L, and the post-translational modification of the p53 protein consists of phosphorylation at the Ser15 residue.
