Reivindicaciones

1. Monitoring device for monitoring catenary-pantograph interaction in a railway vehicle (100), characterized in that it comprises: - an input-output module (9) comprising at least one frequency-tunable radio receiver module (2) and an antenna (1) associated with the radio receiver module (2) for picking up radio signals (500) emitted by the catenary-pantograph interaction in the radio frequency and microwave bands; - a control module (4) connected to the input-output module (9) configured for detecting electric arcs (400) produced in the catenary-pantograph interaction in the radio signal (500) received by radio receiver module (2) within at least one of the tuned radio frequency and microwave bands. 2. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the control module (4) comprises at least one microcontroller. 3. Device according to any of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the control module (4) comprises at least one microprocessor. 4. Device according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the control module (4) is furthermore configured for calculating the time that each of the detected electric arcs (400) lasts. 5. Device according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that it further comprises a storage module (3) connected to the control module (4) for storing information about the detected electric arcs (400). 6. Device according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that it further comprises a communication module (6) connected to the control module (4) for sending records and/or alarms generated by the control module (4) with information about the detected electric arcs (400). 7. Device according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the input-output module (9) further comprises an odometry and positioning module (7) to obtain the position and speed of the railway vehicle (100). 8. Device according to claim 7, characterized in that the odometry and positioning module (7) comprises a GPS receiver. 9. Device according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the input-output module (9) further comprises a pantograph current measurement module (8). 10. Device according to claim 9, characterized in that the pantograph current measurement module (8) uses amperometric clamps or a communication network connection of the railway vehicle (100). 11. Device according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the radio receiver module (2) is tuned in the high frequency band. 12. Device according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the radio receiver module (2) is tuned in the ultra-high frequency band. 13. Device according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the radio receiver module (2) is tuned in the microwave band. 14. Device according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that it further comprises an autonomous power supply module (5). 15. Device according to any of claims 1-14, characterized in that it further comprises a power supply module (5) which obtains electrical energy from the power supply system of the railway vehicle (100).