Reivindicaciones
CLAIMS 1. Absorber (3) of a lithium bromide absorption machine comprising: a storage tank (4), a row of sprinklers (5), situated inside the storage tank (4) adapted to receive a hot and concentrated solution, and to project it inside the tank (4) for its dilution, a feed pump (8) adapted to extract the diluted solution from the absorber (3), characterised in that it additionally comprises: a heat exchanger (6), outside the storage tank (4) which cools the diluted solution, and a recirculation pump (7) adapted to suck in the diluted solution from the storage tank (4) and propel it to the heat exchanger (6) for its return to the row of sprinklers (5) in a continuous recirculation process. 2. Absorber (3) of a lithium bromide absorption machine according to claim 1 characterised in that the heat exchanger (6) is of the solution-air type. 3. Absorber (3) of a lithium bromide absorption machine according to claim 1 characterised in that the heat exchanger (6) is of the solution-water type. 4. Absorber (3) of a lithium bromide absorption machine according to claim 1 characterised in that each one of the sprinklers of the row of sprinklers (5) comprises nozzles (14) with an oval shape, adapted to spray the solution in the form of a flat sheet (15) with an essentially triangular fan-type shape. 5. Absorber (3) of a lithium bromide absorption machine according to claim 4 characterised in that the nozzles (14) are arranged in such a way that the flat sheets (15) are projected in parallel. 6. Absorber-evaporator assembly of a lithium bromide absorption machine comprising: a storage tank (4') a row of sprinklers (5), situated inside the storage tank (4) adapted to receive a hot and concentrated solution, and to project it inside the storage tank (4') for its dilution, a feed pump (8) adapted to extract the diluted solution, characterised in that additionally it comprises: a heat exchanger (6), outside the storage tank (4) which cools the diluted solution, and a recirculation pump (7) adapted to suck in the diluted solution from the storage tank (4) and to propel it to the heat exchanger (6) for its return to the row of sprinklers (5) in a continuous recirculation process, and in that the storage tank (4') is fitted with an isolating vertical separating wall (29) that defines two chambers (30, 33) communicating with each other at their upper part consisting of: an evaporation chamber (30) defined on one side of the vertical separating wall (29) which comprises an evaporator (32), and an absorption chamber (33) defined on the other side of the vertical separating wall (29). 7. Absorber and evaporator assembly (1 ) according to claim 6 characterised in that the heat exchanger (16) is of the solution-air type. 8. Absorber and evaporator assembly of a lithium bromide absorption machine according to claim 6 characterised in that the heat exchanger (16) is of the solution-water type. 9. Absorber and evaporator assembly of a lithium bromide absorption machine according to claim 6 characterised in that each one of the sprinklers of the row of sprinklers (5) comprises nozzles (14) with an oval shape, adapted to spray the solution in the form of a flat sheet (15) with an essentially triangular fan-type configuration. 10. Absorber and evaporator assembly of a lithium bromide absorption machine according to claim 9 characterised in that the nozzles (14) are arranged in such a way that said flat sheets (15) are projected in parallel. 11. Absorber and evaporator assembly of a lithium bromide absorption machine according to claim 7 characterised in that the absorption chamber (33) includes a collector (36) adapted to receive the hot and concentrated refrigerant solution, and also mounts the abovementioned sprinklers (5), and is adapted to receive a recirculation line (39). 12. Single effect lithium bromide absorption machine comprising: - a heat generator (1 ) with a heating chamber (2) adapted to heat the lithium bromide-water solution, - an absorber (3), - a heat recuperator (9) situated between the generator (1 ) and the absorber (3) wherein the heat is transferred from the hot and concentration solution that comes out of the generator (1 ) to the cold and diluted solution that comes from the absorber (3), preheating it, before being supplied to the generator (1 ), - a pressure reduction valve (10) situated between the heat recuperator (9) and the absorber (3), - a condenser (11 ) connected to the generator (1 ) which condenses the water vapour produced in the generator (1 ), - an evaporator (12) connected to the absorber (3) adapted to introduce water vapour into the absorber (3), - an expansion valve (13) which connects the condenser (11 ) to the evaporator (12), characterised in that the absorber (3) is the absorber (3) described in any of claims 1-5. 13. Double effect lithium bromide absorption machine comprising: - a high pressure generator (1 ') and a low pressure generator (1 ") connected to the high pressure generator (1 ') to heat the lithium bromide- water solution, - an absorber (3), - a high pressure recuperator (9') and a low pressure recuperator (9") associated to the high pressure generator (1') and low pressure generator (1 "), adapted to send the hot and concentrated solution from the generators (1 ', 1 ") to the absorber (3), - pressure reduction valves (10', 10") associated respectively to the high pressure generator (1 ') and low pressure generator (1"), - a solution distribution valve (25) situated between the feed pump (8) and the recuperators (9' 9"), - a condenser (11 ) connected to the high pressure generator (1 ') which condenses the water vapour produced in the high pressure generator (1 '), - a sub-cooler (24) adjacent to the condenser (11 ) connected to the low pressure generator (1 "), - an evaporator (12) connected to the absorber (3) adapted to introduce water vapour into the absorber (3), - expansion valves for high (13') and low pressure (13") respectively, situated between the evaporator (12) and the condenser (11 ), and between the evaporator (12) and the sub-cooler (24), characterised in that the absorber (3) is the absorber (3) described in any of claims 1-5. 14. Single effect lithium bromide absorption machine characterised in that it comprises: - the absorber-evaporator assembly (3') described in any of claims 6- 11 , - a heat generator (1 ) with a heating chamber (2) adapted to heat the lithium bromide-water solution, - a heat recuperator (9) situated between the generator (1 ) and the absorber-evaporator (3') where the heat is transferred from the hot and concentrated solution that comes out of the generator (1 ) to the cold and diluted solution that comes from the absorber-evaporator (3'), preheating it, before feeding it to the generator (1 ), - a pressure reduction valve (10) situated between the heat recuperator (9) and the absorber-evaporator (3'), - a condenser (11 ) connected to the generator (1 ) which condenses the water vapour produced in the generator (1 ), and - an expansion valve (13) which connects the condenser (11 ) to the evaporator (12). 15. Double effect lithium bromide absorption machine characterised in that it comprises: - the absorber-evaporator assembly (3') described in any of claims 6-11. - a high pressure generator (1 ') and a low pressure generator (1 ") connected to the high pressure generator (1 ') to heat the lithium bromide- water solution, - a high pressure recuperator (9') and a low pressure recuperator (9") associated to the high pressure generator (1') and low pressure generator (1 "), adapted to send the hot and concentrated solution from the generators (9', 9") to the absorber-evaporator assembly (3'), - pressure reduction valves (10', 10") associated respectively to the high pressure generator (1 ') and low pressure generator (1"), - a solution distribution valve (25) situated between the feed pump (8) and the recuperators (9' 9"), - a condenser (11 ) connected to the generator (1 ) which condenses the water vapour produced in the generator (1 ), - a sub-cooler (24) adjacent to the condenser (11 ) connected to the low pressure generator (1 "), and - high pressure (13') and low pressure (13") expansion valves situated respectively between the evaporator (12) and the condenser (11 ), and between the evaporator (12) and the sub-cooler (24). 16. Combined use lithium bromide absorption machine characterised in that it comprises the single effect absorption machine described in claim 12 and the double effect absorption machine described in claim 13, and additionally comprises the valves described below which determine the single or double effect functioning mode: - a connection valve (37) between the generator (1 ) and the condenser (11 ), - a return valve to the recuperator (26), situated between the recuperator (9) and a branch that runs from the solution distribution valve (25) to the feed pump (8), - a circulation valve to the sub-cooler (27), which connects the low pressure generator (1") to the sub-cooler (24), and - a circulation valve to the condenser (28) which connects the low pressure generator (1 ") to the condenser (11 ). 17. Combined use lithium bromide absorption machine characterised in that it comprises the single effect absorption machine described in claim 14 and the double effect absorption machine described in claim 15 and in that it additionally comprises the valves described below which determine the single effect or double effect functioning mode: - a connection valve (37) between the generator (1 ) and the condenser (11 ), - a return valve to the recuperator (26), situated between the recuperator (9) and a branch that runs from the solution distribution valve (25) to the feed pump (8), - a circulation valve to the sub-cooler (27), which connects the low pressure generator (1") to the sub-cooler (24), and - a circulation valve to the condenser (28) which connects the low pressure generator (1 ") to the condenser (11 ). 18. Combined use lithium bromide absorption machine according to any of claims 16 or 17 characterised in that the single effect machine uses as the source of heat a renewable energy source, preferably solar, or energy recovered from residual heat and the double effect machine uses as the source of heat the source of energy of a fuel.
