Resumen
[0001] Catalytic compositions are described for hydrocarbons cracking containing at least two zeolitic components of which at least one zeolitic component containing aluminium in its structure is selected from among ITQ-7 zeolites, intergrowths of ITQ-7 zeolites, ITQ-7 zeolites exchanged with rare earths, intergrowths of ITQ-7 zeolites exchanged with rare earths, and combinations of them. These combinations are of utility as catalysts for cracking in FCC units and permit C<3>and C<4>olefins to be efficiently obtained along with high yields of gasoline. Also described is the use of a zeolitic material containing aluminium in its structure and selected from among ITQ-7 zeolites, intergrowths of ITQ-7 zeolites, ITQ-7 zeolites exchanged with rare earths, intergrowths of ITQ-7 zeolites exchanged with rare earths, and combinations of them, as a catalytic material in hydrocarbon catalytic cracking processes.
Reivindicaciones
1. A catalytic composition for hydrocarbons cracking containing at least two zeolitic components of which at least one zeolitic component containing aluminium in its structure is selected from among ITQ-7 zeolites, intergrowths of ITQ-7 zeolites, ITQ-7 zeolites exchanged with rare earths, intergrowths of ITQ-7 zeolites exchanged with rare earths, and combinations of them. 2. A composition according to claim 1, in which the first component is present in a proportion of between 2 and 40 % of the total weight of zeolitic components present in the composition. 3. A composition according to claim 1 or 2, which consists of particles containing at least the first zeolitic component embedded in a matrix. 4. A composition according to claim 1 or 2, in which at least part of the zeolitic components of the composition is made up of particles that consist of at least the first zeolitic component. 5. A composition according to any of claims 1 to 4, in which at least part of each of the zeolitic components is present in particles that consist of just one zeolitic component. 6. A composition according to any of claims 1 to 5, in which the zeolitic components consist of, as well as the first zeolitic component, at least a second zeolitic component selected from among faujasite zeolites, faujasite zeolites at least partially exchanged with rare earths, cracking catalysts based on faujasite and combinations of them. 7. A composition according to claim 6, which, with respect to the total weight of zeolitic components, consists of: 2-40 % by weight of the first zeolitic component, 2-98 % by weight of the second zeolitic component. 8. A composition according to claim 6 or 7, in which the first zeolitic component is embedded in a matrix stabilised with phosphorus in which the weight of the first zeolitic component referring to the sum of the weights of the first zeolitic components and of the matrix lies between 10 and 70 % by weight. 9. A composition according to claim 7 or 8, which consists of a mixture of particles of zeolitic components which includes particles of the first component in a matrix, particles of the second component, and particles of ZSM-5 zeolite in a matrix. 10. A composition according to claim 9, in which the mixture of particles of zeolitic components consists of a maximum of 80 % by weight of particles corresponding to the first component in the matrix and ZSM-5 zeolite in a ratio by weight of ZSM-5 zeolite/first component ≤ 10, and at least 20 % of the second component. 11. A composition according to claim 8, 9 or 10, in which the matrix consists of particles of at least one binder selected from among silica, silica-alumina, alumina, P<2> O<5> and combinations of them, and optionally, a conventional catalytic cracking additive as well. 12. A composition according to claim 11, in which the binder is present from 5 to 20 % by weight referring to the total weight of the matrix, and the conventional additive is present from between 0 and 60 % by weight referring to the total of the composition. 13. A composition according to any of the preceding claims, in which the zeolitic components contain Si and at least one T element chosen from among the group made up of Fe, Ga, Ti and B. 14. A composition according to claim 11, 12 or 13, in which the zeolitic components also contain a maximum of 8 % by weight of phosphorus. 15. A composition according to any of claims 6 to 14, in which the second component is a faujasite zeolite selected from among ultra-stable type Y zeolites. 16. A composition according to any of claims 6 to 14, in which the second zeolitic component is an exchanged faujasite zeolite selected from among ultra-stable type zeolites partially exchanged with rare earths (REUSY). 17. A composition according to any of claims 6 to 14, in which the second zeolitic component is an exchanged faujasite zeolite selected from among ultra-stable type zeolites partially exchanged with rare earths and calcined (CREY). 18. A composition according to any of the preceding claims, composed of particles with a size between 1 and 1000 micrometres 19. A composition according to any of the preceding claims, composed of particles with a size between 100 and 200 micrometres. 20. Use of a composition according to any of claims 1 to 19 as a catalytic material in fluid catalytic cracking processes. 21. Use of a zeolitic material containing aluminium in its structure and selected from among ITQ-7 zeolites, intergrowths of ITQ-7 zeolites, ITQ-7 zeolites exchanged with rare earths, intergrowths of ITQ-7 zeolites exchanged with rare earths, and combinations of them, as catalytic materials in hydrocarbon catalytic cracking processes. 22. Use according to claim 21, in which at least part of the zeolitic material is contained in particles embedding at least the zeolitic material in a matrix. 23. Use according to claim 22, in which the zeolitic material consists of 10 to 70 % by weight along with a matrix stabilised with phosphorus. 24. Use according to claim 22 or 23, in which the matrix consists of at least one binder selected from among silica, silica-alumina, alumina, P<2> O<5> and combinations of them, and optionally, a conventional catalytic cracking additive as well. 25. Use according to claim 24, in which the binder is present from 5 to 20 % by weight referring to the total weight of the matrix, and in which the conventional additive is present from 0 to 60 % by weight referring to the total weight of all the components. 26. Use according to any of claims 21 to 25, in which the zeolitic material contains Si and at least one T element chosen from among the group made up of Fe, Ga, Ti and B. 27. Use according to any of claims 21 to 26, in which the zeolitic material also contains a maximum of 8 % by weight of phosphorus. 28. Use according to any of claims 21 to 27, in which the zeolitic material is formed from particles with a size between 1 and 100 micrometres. 29. Use according to any of claims 21 to 27, in which the zeolitic material is formed from particles with a size between 100 and 200 micrometres.
