This is a system which is designed to be autonomously used in an environment outside laboratories and makes it possible to create maps and axial scans of ultrasonic parameters for the purpose of providing information relating to both the quality and the state of deterioration of specimens and test tubes with axial symmetry (10) of cementitious materials, which system comprises an inspection subsystem (1), which in turn includes mechanical scanning means (2) and electronic control means (3), and an ultrasonic image generating subsystem (4) which in turn includes ultrasonic signal acquisition and transmitting/receiving means (5) and digital information storage and processing means (6) and generates the ultrasonic image for the evaluation thereof.