Resumen
The process for in situ manufacturing of water based explosives is disclosed, which comprises the mixing of a water-based oxidizer product having an oxygen proportion higher than 14 % and comprised of an aqueous solution which is saturated with oxidizer salts, suspended oxidant particles and thickening agents, with a fuel and a gas such as air, nitrogen, oxygen and carbon dioxide in a mixer, to obtain a sensitized water based explosive, that is an intimate mixture of the oxidant product and the fuel and the formation of a suspension or emulsion of gas in the mixture; the density of the final explosive product may vary as a function of the gas flow rate and is controlled before the explosive is introduced into the borehole. The plant is comprised of a tank (1) containing the oxidant product, a combustible tank (11), a gas reservoir (10), a mixer (5), a pump (3), a fuel dosing device (12) with a flow rate meter (13) and a gas flow rate regulator (8) and, optionally, a tank (2) containing a stabilizer for the gas bubbles, a dosing pump (4) and a flow meter (7).
Reivindicaciones
1. A process for the on-site manufacturing of explosives, made from a water based oxidizing product, which consists of (i) the transportation to the location for loading the bores with a water based oxidizing product, and (ii) the manufacture and sensitization of the explosive before loading it into the bores, characterized in that: - said water based oxidizing product has an oxygen balance greater than 14% and it is composed of a water solution saturated with oxidizing salts, oxidizing particles in suspension and thickening agents, - said manufacturing and sensitization of the explosive is carried out mixing said oxidizing product with a fuel and a gas in a mixer, by means of the formation of an intimate mixture of the oxidizing product and the fuel, and the formation of a suspension or emulsion of gas in liquid; and - the density of the explosive is adjusted controlling the volume of gas. 2. A process according to claim 1, in which said oxidizing product consists between 60 and 95% by weight of oxidizing salts. 3. A process according to claim 1, in which said oxidizing product contains oxidizing salts selected from the group composed of the nitrates, chlorates and perchlorates of ammonium, alkaline and alkaline-earth metals and their mixtures. 4. A process according to claim 1, in which said oxidizing product contains between 0.1 and 5% by weight of thickening agents. 5. A process according to claim 1, in which said oxidizing product contains a thickening agent selected from the group composed of products derived from seeds, biosynthetic products and its derivatives, synthetic polymers and thickeners of inorganic origin of the sepiolite type. 6. A process according to claim 1, in which said fuel is selected from the group composed of aromatic hydrocarbides, aliphatic hydrocarbides, oils, petroleum derivatives, derivatives of vegetable origin, finely divided metallic fuels and their mixtures. 7. A process according to claim 1, in which the added fuel contains between 3 and 20% by weight of the end mixture. 8. A process according to claim 1, in which said gas is selected from the group composed of air, nitrogen, oxygen and carbon dioxide. 9. A process according to claim 1, in which the volumetric ratio between the gas and the mixture of (i) the water based oxidizing product and (ii) the fuel is within 0.05 and 5. 10. A process according to claim 1, which also includes the addition of a stabilizing solution of the gas bubbles. 11. A process according to claim 10, in which said stabilizing solution of the gas bubbles is selected from the group consisting of solutions or dispersions of surface actives, natural proteins and polymers and their derivatives. 12. A process according to claim 10, in which the added stabilizer consists of between 0.01 and 5% by weight of the end mixture. 13. An installation for on-site manufacturing of water based explosives according to claim 1, which contains at least the following: - a tank for storage of the water based oxidizing product; - a tank for storage of the fuel product; - a gas reserve; - a mixer; - a pump that connects the oxidizing product tank to the mixer; - a device that connects the fuel tank to the mixer and that regulates the adding of fuel; and - a regulating device of the gas flow. 14. An installation according to claim 13, in which said mixer operates continuously. 15. An installation according to any of the claims 13 to 14, in which the mixer is of the dynamic type. 16. An installation for on-site manufacturing of water based explosives according to claim 1, which contains at least the following: - a discontinuous mixer to contain the water based oxidizing product; - a tank for the fuel product; - a device that connects the fuel tank to the mixer and that regulates the adding of fuel. 17. An installation according to claim 16, which also contains a gas reserve and a regulating device of the gas flow. 18. An installation according to any of the claims 13 to 17, which also contains a tank for the storage of a stabilizing solution of the gas bubbles and a dosing device. 19. An installation according to any of the claims 13 to 18, placed on top of a bore loading truck.
