Reivindicaciones

CLAIMS 1.- A heat exchanger (1) for wind tunnels (2), comprising: at least a first wall (3) and a second wall (4), each wall (3, 4) comprising at least a first edge (7), a second edge (8), a third edge (9) and a fourth edge (10), a total number (N) of tubes (T<ijk>) adapted for containing a working fluid, at least a plurality of said tubes (T<ijk>) making up at least one series (S<j>), the total number of series (S<j>) being (n<s>) , at least one working fluid inlet manifold (5) connected to a first end of at least one tube (T<ijk>) , and at least one working fluid outlet manifold (6) connected to a second end of at least one tube (T<ijk>) , wherein the tubes (T<ijk>) of each series (S<j>) form a plurality (n<Fj>) of rows (F<j>) and a plurality (n<cjf>) of columns (C<j>) distributed according to rows (F<j>), and wherein: the distance (DT<jf>) between tubes (T<ijk>) of different rows (F<j>) of one and the same series (S<j>), - the distance (DLl<j f>i ) between tubes (T<ijk>) of the same row (F<j>) and of different columns (C<j>) of one and the same series ( S<j>) , the distance (DL2<jf>) between tubes (T<ijk>) of different rows (F<j>) and the same column (C<j>), said column (C<j>) being the closest to either the third edge (9) or fourth edge (10) with respect to the tube (T<ijk>) of the same series (Sj) closest to said third edge (9) or fourth edge (10), the distance (DG<j>) o between the closest tubes (T<ijk>) of adjacent series (S<j>), or o between the tube (T<ijk>) closest to the first edge or second edge (7, 8) and said first edge or second edge (7, 8) of the heat exchanger (1), are parameterized such that: - distance (DL2jf) > 0, and distance (DGj ) > distance (DTjf) , such that: the parameterization relative to the rows (F<j>) mainly optimizes pressure loss of the heat exchanger (1), and - the parameterization relative to the columns (C<j>) mainly optimizes the total effective heat transfer area of the heat exchanger (1) . 2. - The heat exchanger (1) according to claim 1, wherein at least two tubes (T<ijk>) are in fluid communication, making up at least one coil (Ri) . 3. - The heat exchanger (1) according to claim 2, comprising a plurality (ni) of coils (Ri) , wherein: - each coil (Ri) comprises a plurality (g) of groups (G<j>), and - each group (G<j>) comprises a plurality (n<g>) of tubes (T<ijk>) , wherein each series (S<j>) is formed by the same group (G<j>) of each coil (Ri) , and wherein: - the number (n<Fj>) of rows (F<j>) of each series (S<j>) is the number of tubes (T<ijk>) comprised in each group (G<j>), and - the number (n<cjf>) of columns (C<j>) of each series (S<j>) is the number of coils (Ri) . 4. - The heat exchanger (1) according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the total number (N) of tubes satisfies the expression <img class="EMIRef" id="403805572-imgf000029-0001" /> 5.- The heat exchanger (1) according to claim 3, wherein the total number (N) of tubes satisfies the expression: N = g.n n<g> 6.- The heat exchanger (1) according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the total number (N) of tubes (T<ijk>) of the heat exchanger (1) is obtained from the following ratio: A ∑m=l ^m^tube m r A being the total effective heat transfer area of the heat exchanger (1), F<m>a heat transfer factor and A<tubem>the total heat transfer area of a tube (T<ijk>) . 7. - The heat exchanger (1) according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the distance (DL3<jn>) is the distance from the third edge or fourth edge (9, 10) to the closest tube (Ti<jk:>) of each series (S<j>), this distance preferably being the minimum distance established by construction of the heat exchanger (1) . 8. - The heat exchanger (1) according to claim 7, wherein the parameterized distances DT<jf>, DLl<jf>i, DL2<jf>, DL3<jn>and DG<j>of said heat exchanger (1) satisfy the following expressions according to the width (B) and the length (L) of the heat exchanger (1) : <img class="EMIRef" id="403805572-imgf000030-0001" /> o L<j>f = [(∑" f<1>DLl + DL2<j>f] , V/ = 1, ... , n<Fj>and V = 1, ... , n<s>, where o L = max(L<jf>) , V; = 1, ... , n<s> <img class="EMIRef" id="403805572-imgf000030-0002" /> 9. - The heat exchanger (1) according to claim 8, wherein at least one of the parameterized distances DT<jf>, DLl<jf>i, DL2<jf>, DL3<jn>and DG<j>maintains a constant value. 10. - The heat exchanger (1) according to claims 8 or 9, wherein all the parameterized distances DT<jf>are equal, all the parameterized distances DG<j>between tubes (T<ijk>) are equal and the number (n<Fj>) of rows (F<j>) of each series (S<j>) is equal, and the following expression is satisfied: B = (% + DDG<j>+ n<s>(n<Fj>- l)DT<jf> 11. - The heat exchanger (1) according to any of claims 8 to 10, wherein all the parameterized distances DLl<jf>i are equal, all the parameterized distances DL3<jn>are equal, the number (n<Fj>) of rows (F<j>) of each series (S<j>) is equal and the number (n<cjf>) of columns (C<j>) of each series (S<j>) is equal, and where the following expression is satisfied: L = (n<cjf>- l)DLl<jfl>+ max(DL2<j7>)|<=i>+ 2DL3<jn>12.- The heat exchanger (1) according to any of claims 2 to 11, wherein said heat exchanger (1) comprises: - two inlet manifolds (5), and - two outlet manifolds (6) wherein each of the coils ( Ri ) is alternately connected to a different inlet manifold (5) and a different outlet manifold (6), such that the path of the working fluid has an alternating direction in each coil ( Ri ) . 13. - The heat exchanger (1) according to any of the preceding claims, wherein each tube (T<ijk>) is a circular tube with the same outer diameter (Φ) . 14. - A wind tunnel (2) comprising at least one heat exchanger (1) according to any of the preceding claims. 15. - A method for regulating the temperature of airflow inside a wind tunnel (2) comprising the following steps: - providing at least one heat exchanger (1) according to any of claims 1 to 13, - measuring the temperature of the airflow inside the wind tunnel (2 ) , - regulating the temperature of the airflow by modifying the number of operational tubes (T<ijk>) of the heat exchanger (1) by closure means, the conditions of the working fluid, or the parameterized distances DT<jf>, DLl<j f>i , DL2<jf>and DG<j>. 16. - A design method for designing a heat exchanger (1) for a wind tunnel (2) according to any of claims 7 to 13 comprising the following steps: defining the dimensions of the heat exchanger (1), said dimensions being width (B) , height (H) and length (L) , determining the total effective heat transfer area ( A) of the heat exchanger (1) necessary as well as the heat transfer factor (F<m>) and the total heat transfer area (A<Ube>m ) of each tube (T<ijk>) , - determining the total number (N) of tubes (T<ijk>) of the heat exchanger (1) by means of the following expression: A — yN c A n Διπι=1<r>m<n>tube m r determining the total number (n<s>) of series (S<j>), the total number (n<Fj>) of rows (F<j>) of each series (S<j>), and the total number (n<Cjf>) of columns (C<j>) of each series (S<j>), determining the following parameters: o the distance (DT<jf>) between tubes (T<ijk>) of different rows (F<j>) of one and the same series (S<j>), o the distance (DLl<j f>i ) between tubes (T<ijk>) of the same row (F<j>) and of different columns (C<j>) of one and the same series (S<j>) , o the distance (DL2<jf>) between tubes (T<ijk>) of different rows (F<j>) and the same column (C<j>), said column (C<j>) being the closest to either the third edge (9) or fourth edge (10) with respect to the tube (T<ijk>) of the same series (S<j>) closest to said third edge (9) or fourth edge (10), o the distance (DG<j>), <■>between the closest tubes (T<ijk>) of adjacent series (S<j>) , or <■>between the tube (T<ijk>) closest to the first edge or second edge (7, 8) and said first edge or second edge (7, 8) of the heat exchanger (1), o the distance (DL3<jn>) from the third edge or fourth edge (9, 10) to the closest tube (T<ijk>) of each series (S<j>) according to the following expression: <img class="EMIRef" id="403805572-imgf000032-0001" /> o L = max(L<jf>) |<=i>+∑<=1>DL3<jn>, V = 1, ... , n<s> 17.- The design method for designing a heat exchanger (1) according to claim 16, further comprising the step of determining the total number ( ni ) of coils ( Ri ) , the number (g) of groups (G<j>) and the number (n<g>) of tubes (T<ijk>) in each group (G<j>), prior to the step of determining the different parameters DT<jf>, DLl<jf!>, DL2<jf>, DL3<jn>and DG<j>.