Resumen
In the present invention, there is disclosed an explosive composition of water gel type that is sensitive to a detonator and is filled in paper cartridge cases, the explosive composition containing 30 to 90 percent by weight of an oxidizer salt, 0.1 to 5 percent by weight of a thickener, 0.01 to 5 percent by weight of a crosslinking agent, 3 to 20 percent by weight of fuel, a sensitizer and water. The sensitizer component of the invented explosive composition contains more than 50 percent by weight of one or more water soluble compounds of oxygen balance more positive than -150 percent and optionally a water insoluble sensitizer in an amount less than 50 percent by weight, in both cases based on total weight of the sensitizer component, whereby the sum of amounts of the water soluble sensitizer and water insoluble sensitizer, if present, is 100 percent by weight of the total sensitizer component weight. Amount of water in the proposed explosive composition is less than 5 percent by weight based on the explosive total weight. Claimed is also a process for preparing the above-described explosive composition, said preparation process comprising preparation of a thickened water phase containing a thickened aqueous solution of a water soluble sensitizer, a thickener and optionally a portion of an oxidizer salt, further a separate preparation of a dry phase including an oxidizer salt or a remainder thereof, a thickener a crosslinking agent, fuel, optionally a water insoluble sensitizer and optionally another water soluble sensitizer, mixing both the phases together and reducing the obtained mixture density. So prepared explosive composition rheology allows it to be filled in paper cartridge cases.
Reivindicaciones
1. 1.- A watergel explosive composition containing an oxidiser salt; a sensitiser; a thickener; a crosslinking agent; a fuel; and water, the sensitiser component including more than 50% by weight of one or more water soluble compounds of oxygen balance more positive than -150%, selected from salts of nitric, chloric and perchloric acid with acylic nitrogen bases, having no more than two hydrogen atoms bonded to the or each basic nitrogen atom and up to three carbon atoms per basic nitrogen atom, and the salts of nitric, chloric, and perchloric acid with a phenyl amine, and the water content being less than 10%, by mass, of the composition. 2. 2.- A watergel explosive composition according to claim 1 which has a water content of below 5%, by mass, of the composition. 3. 3.- A watergel explosive composition according to claim 1 or claim 2 wherein the water soluble sensitiser comprises an alkylamine nitrate or alkanolamine nitrate. 4. 4.- A watergel explosive composition according to claim 3 wherein the sensitiser is monomethylamine nitrate, ethanolamine nitrate, diethanolamine nitrate, triethanolamine nitrate, dimethylamine nitrate, hexamine nitrate, ethylenediamine nitrate, laurylamine nitrate or mixtures of these. 5. 5.- A watergel explosive composition according to claim 4 wherein the sensitiser is monomethylamine nitrate. 6. 6.- A watergel explosive composition according to claim 5 which contains less than 14%, by mass, of the composition of monomethylamine nitrate. 7. 7.- A watergel explosive composition according to claim 1 which contains a second different sensitiser which is water insoluble. 8. 8.- A watergel explosive composition according to claim 7 wherein the second sensitiser is pigment aluminium. 9. 9.- A watergel explosive composition according to any one of the preceding claims wherein the oxidiser salt is a nitrate or perchlorate of ammonia or of an alkali or alkaline earth metal, or mixtures thereof. 10. 10.- A watergel explosive composition according to any one of the preceding claims which contains a halide or a carbonate of an alkali or alkaline earth metal, talc or an ammonium halide and a sodium or potassium nitrate salt pair. 11. 11.- A watergel explosive composition according to claim 10 which contains a sodium or potassium or calcium halide or calcium carbonate. 12. 12.- A watergel explosive composition according to any one of the preceding claims wherein the fuel is a product of vegetable origin, a product derived from crude oil or organic fuel or a metallic product. 13. 13.- A watergel explosive composition according to claim 12 wherein the fuel is a product of vegetable origin and comprises starch, sawdust, rubber, coal, sugar or a vegetable oil. 14. 14.- A watergel explosive composition according to claim 13 wherein the fuel is an organic fuel and comprises a hydrocarbon, glycol wax or rubber. 15. 15.- A watergel explosive composition according to claim 12 wherein the fuel is a metallic fuel and comprises aluminium. 16. 16.- A watergel explosive composition according to any one of the preceding claims wherein the thickener is a product derived from a seed, or a byosynthetic product or a synthetic polymer. 17. 17.- A watergel explosive composition according to any one of the preceding claims which contains a density reducing agent which causes the incorporation within the composition of small gas bubbles. 18. 18.- A watergel explosive composition according to claim 17 wherein the density reducing agent is a solid void-containing material or a chemical additive which is capable of generating gas within the composition. 19. 19.- A watergel explosive composition according to claim 18 wherein the density reducing agent is a solid void-containing material selected from perlite, glass or plastic microspheres and expanded polystyrene. 20. 20.- A process for manufacturing a watergel explosive composition according to any one of claims 1 to 19 comprising the steps of: preparing a thickened aqueous phase comprising a thickened, aqueous solution of at least some of the water soluble sensitiser, thickener and optionally a portion of the oxidiser salt; preparing a dry phase comprising the, or any remaining, oxidiser salt, thickener, crosslinking agent, fuel, any water insoluble sensitiser, and any remaining water soluble sensitiser, separately; mixing the two phases; and reducing the density of the mixture by mixing the composition in such a way so as to incorporate gas into it or by adding a density reducing agent. 21. 21.- An explosive cartridge comprising a paper cartridge and a watergel explosive composition according to any one of claims 1 to 19 within the paper cartridge. 22. 22.- A method of cartridging a watergel explosive composition comprising the step of filling a paper cartridge with a watergel explosive composition of any one of claims 1 to 19 using a cartridging machine of the type used to cartridge nitroglycerine-sensitised explosives. 23. 23.- A watergel explosive composition according to claim 1 substantially as herein described with reference to any one of Examples 1 to 4. 24. 24.- A process according to claim 20 substantially as herein described with reference to any one of Examples 1 to 4. 25. 25.- An explosive cartridge according to claim 21 substantially as herein described with reference to any one of Examples 1 to 4.
