Reivindicaciones
1. A metallocene compound characterized by the following formula : <img class="EMIRef" id="580191164-ib0024" /> wherein: Y is halogen; M is a transition metal of groups 3, 4, 5 or 6 of the periodic table; each L is independently selected from a cyclopentadienyl type unity, including indenyl or fluorenyl, substituted or not and the substituents being equal or different, united to M through a π bond; Z is a group that forms a union bridge between the two unities L, which can have between 0 and 20 carbon atoms and between 0 and 5 oxygen, sulphur, nitrogen, phosphorus, silicon, germanium, tin or boron atoms; E is a spacer group that unites Z and Y and can have between 0 and 20 carbon atoms and between 0 and 5 oxygen, sulphur, nitrogen, phosphorus, silicon, germanium, tin or boron atoms and it is characterized by having in its skeleton at least one silicon, germanium or tin atom, which the substituent Y is united to; o is a number of value 0 or 1; k is a number of value 1, 2 or 3; m is a number equal to or higher than 2 and coinciding with the oxidation state of the transition metal; j is a number of value 0 or 1 with the condition that its value is 1 at least once; when j is equal to 1 and o is equal to 0, Z is characterized by having at least one silicon, germanium or tin atom which Y is directly united to; with the proviso that the compound does not have general formula X<m'>M<1>(L'-M<2>(R<1>R<2>)-A'-Z'R<3> <o'>Hal<p'>)<n'>, wherein M1 is a metal of group 4, 5 or 6 of the periodic table, each X is independently selected from hydrogen, halogen or a C<1>-C<40> carbon-containing rest; m' is equal to 1, 2 or 3; n' is equal to 1 or 2; each L' is independently a Π ligand, which coordinates to the central atom M<1>; each M2 is independently selected from silicon, germanium or tin ; R1 is a C<1>-C<20> carbon-containing group ; R2 is a C<1>-C<20> carbon-containing group or a Π ligand, which coordinates to the central atom M<1> ; each A' is independently a divalent C<1>-C<40> carbon-containing rest; each Z' is independently selected from boron, silicon, germanium or tin ; each R3 is independently selected from hydrogen or a C<1>-C<20> carbon-containing rest; o' is equal to 0, 1 or 2; each Hal is independently selected from a halogen atom; p' is equal to 1, 2 or 3. 2. A metallocene compound according to claim 1, characterized in that it corresponds to the formula: <img class="EMIRef" id="580191164-ib0025" /> wherein: Y is halogen; M is a transition metal of groups 3, 4, 5 or 6 of the periodic table; each L is selected from a cyclopentadienyl-type unity, including indenyl or fluorenyl, substituted or not and the substituents being equal or different, united to M through a π bond ; Q is an element of group 13, 14 or 15; E is a spacer group that unites Q and Y and can have between 0 and 20 carbon atoms and between 0 and 5 oxygen, sulfur, nitrogen, phosphorus, silicon, germanium, tin or boron atoms and it is characterized by having in its skeleton at least one silicon, germanium or tin atom, which the substituent Y is united to; R is an atom of hydrogen, halogen, halocarbon, substituted halocarbon, C<1>-C<20> alkyl, C<2>-C<20> alkenyl, C<6>-C<20> aryl, C<7>-C<40> alkylaryl, C<7>-C<40> arylalkyl, C<8>-C<20> arylalkenyl, alkoxy, siloxy and combinations thereof; A, equal to or different from each other, is a bridge group between unities L and Q constituted either by only one divalent atom of group 16, preferably -O-, or by a trivalent monosubstituted element of group 15, preferably >N-R, R being defined above, or a tetravalent disubstituted element of group 14, preferably >C(R)<2> or >Si(R)<2>, R being defined above, or by a chain of 2 or more atoms substituted or not, this chain being preferably of type -C-C-, -C-Si-, -Si-Si-, -Si-O-, -C-O, -C-N-,-C-C-C, -C-Si-C-, -Si-O-Si-; o is a number of value 0 or 1; k is a number of value 1, 2 or 3; m is a number equal to or higher than 2 and coinciding with the oxidation state of the transition metal; p, n, I are numbers of value 0 or 1. j is a number of value 0 or 1 with the condition that its value is 1 at least once; when j is equal to 1 and o is equal to 0, Q is a silicon, germanium or tin atom; with the proviso that the compound does not have general formula X<m'>M<1>(L'-M<2>(R<1>R<2>)-A'-Z'R<3> <o'>Hal<p'>)<n'>, wherein M1 is a metal of group 4, 5 or 6 of the periodic table, each X is independently selected from hydrogen, halogen or a C<1>-C<40> carbon-containing rest; m' is equal to 1, 2 or 3; n' is equal to 1 or 2; each L' is independently a Π ligand, which coordinates to the central atom M<1>; each M2 is independently selected from silicon, germanium or tin; R1 is a C<1>-C<20> carbon-containing group ; R2 is a C<1>-C<20> carbon-containing group or a Π ligand, which coordinates to the central atom M<1>; each A' is independently a divalent C<1>-C<40> carbon-containing rest; each Z' is independently selected from boron, silicon, germanium or tin ; each R3 is independently selected from hydrogen or a C<1>-C<20> carbon-containing rest; o' is equal to 0, 1 or 2; each Hal is independently selected from a halogen atom; p' is equal to 1, 2 or 3. 3. A synthesis process of metallocene compounds according to claim 1, characterized in that they are obtained through the following process: <img class="EMIRef" id="580191164-ib0026" /> being: Y, Z, L, E, M, j, m and o defined above; S is a leaving group united to the cyclopentadienyl ring, preferably constituted by a unity T(R4)3, T being silicon, germanium or tin and R4 is C<1>-C<20> alkyl. 4. Process according to claim 3 wherein each S represents independently a group Si(CH3)3 or Sn(CH3)3 . 5. Process according to claim 3 wherein the union L-S represent an ionic, s, or p bond or combinations thereof; and the union L-M represents a bond with a high type π character. 6. A synthesis process of metallocene derivatives characterized in that it is reacted the functionalized bridge of the compounds of claims 1 or 2 with substrates that present in their structure one or more reactive groups represented by G-J, G being an element of groups 14, 15, 16 or 17 and J representing an element of groups 1 (including hydrogen), 2 or 3. 7. A process according to claim 6 characterized in that G-J is selected among: hydroxy, amine, phosphino, thiol, hydroxy, amido, phosphido, thioxy. 8. A process according to claim 6 characterized in that the substrate is a polyol. 9. A process according to claim 6 characterized in that the substrate is a diol.
