Reivindicaciones
1. A machine for adapting a fibre structure to a mould for manufacturing parts of composite material comprising: - a solid matrix (1); - a deformable body (2) that is joined to the surface of said matrix (1), which can have various shapes and which encompasses an area greater than or equal to the area of the part to be shaped; - a shaping mould (3); - a securing system (5) for the fibre structure (4); wherein: - said matrix (1) is a solid element having a functional face the geometry of which depends on the part to be manufactured; wherein the deformable body (2) is joined to the functional face of the matrix (1), which is configured to move towards the shaping mould (3) by means of a linear guide system actuated by means of an actuator; - said deformable body (2) is made of a material that has a rigidity at least 100 times lower than the matrix (1) and the shaping mould (3); wherein the deformable body (2) has an initial geometry that depends on the geometry to be given to the fibre structure (4); and wherein the progressive compression of said deformable body (2) against said shaping mould (3) is what causes the effect of adaptation of the fibre structure (4) to the shaping mould (3); - said shaping mould (3) has the geometry to be given to the fibre structure (4) during the process of adaptation to the shaping mould (3), and the shaping mould (3) is located such that the deformable body (2) is located between said shaping mould (3) and the matrix (1); characterised in that: - said securing system (5) of the fibre structure (4) encompasses at least one portion of the contour of the fibre structure (4) by means of at least one securing element (42) that is configured to be able to move during the adaptation of the fibre structure (4) to the shaping mould (3); wherein each securing element (42) comprises: - a lower frame (29) which covers an area (38) greater than or equal to an effective securing area (36); wherein said lower frame (29) includes an anchoring system to an element such as a tool or a robotic mechanism that enables the securing element (42) to move during the adaptation; - separation sheets (30), which cover at least the effective securing area (36), located on said lower frame (29); wherein the planes of said separation sheets (30) and the plane of said lower frame (29) are parallel; wherein between said separation sheets (30) are placed layers (13) that form part of the fibre structure (4) to be secured; and wherein each layer (13) is always separated from another adjacent layer (13) by means of one of said separation sheets (30); - an upper closure frame (31), which covers at least the effective securing area (36), located on the separation sheets (30); wherein the plane of said upper frame (31) and the planes of the separation sheets (30) are parallel; wherein said separation sheets (30) are located between the lower frame (29) and the upper frame (31); and wherein the upper frame (31) includes an anchoring system to an element such as a tool or a robotic mechanism that enables the securing element (42) to move during the adaptation; - a coupling system which links the lower frame (29), separation sheets (30) and upper frame (31); wherein said coupling system is configured to prevent the relative displacement with respect to the planes in which said elements are located (29, 30, 31); - a closure system which prevents the relative displacement between the lower frame (29), the separation sheets (30) and the upper frame (31) with respect to the direction normal to the planes in which said elements (29, 30, 31) are located; wherein said closure system is configured to exert the required closing force. 2. The machine for adapting a fibre structure to a mould for manufacturing parts of composite material, according to claim 1, characterised in that it includes an elastic film (34) which is configured to be placed between the deformable body (2) and the fibre structure (4); wherein the deformable body (2) is a material of high plasticity, with low elongation at break, less than 20%, by virtue of which it is permanently plastically deformed during the process of adaptation to the shaping mould (3). 3. The machine for adapting a fibre structure to a mould for manufacturing parts of composite material, according to claim 1, characterised in that the deformable body (2) includes therein a series of watertight cavities (6), filled with a fluid selected between a gas and a liquid; wherein the deformable body (2) is an elastic body with high elongation at break, greater than 100%, by virtue of which it does not undergo permanent deformations during the process of adaptation to the shaping mould (3). 4. The machine for adapting a fibre structure to a mould for manufacturing parts of composite material, according to claim 1, characterised in that the 21 deformable body (2) includes therein a series of watertight cavities (6), filled with a fluid selected between a gas and a liquid; wherein said watertight hollow structure (6) connects with a fluid injection and evacuation system configured to vary the volume of the deformable body (2) and to vary the degree of compression of the deformable body (2) on the fibre structure (4) against the shaping mould (3); and wherein the deformable body (2) is an elastic body with high elongation at break, greater than 100%, by virtue of which it does not undergo permanent deformations during the process of adaptation to the shaping mould (3). 5. The machine for adapting a fibre structure to a mould for manufacturing parts of composite material, according to claim 2, characterised in that it comprises an additional mould (24) configured to return the deformable body (2) to the initial shape thereof by pressing the additional mould (24) on said deformable body (2) against the matrix (1); wherein said deformable body (2) is located between the matrix (1) and the additional mould (24); and wherein the additional mould (24) is required when the deformable body (2) is not a body of elastic material but a body of material with high plasticity, with low elongation at break, less than 20%. 6. The machine for adapting a fibre structure to a mould for manufacturing parts of composite material, according to claim 5, characterised in that the additional restoration mould (24) and the shaping mould (3) include movement systems (27) that are configured to enable both moulds (3, 24) to be alternately positioned in alignment with the matrix (1). 7. The machine for adapting a fibre structure to a mould for manufacturing parts of composite material, according to claim 5, characterised in that the matrix (1) includes a movement system configured to transfer said matrix (1), by means of a robotic mechanism, to a position wherein the additional restoration mould (24) is located; and wherein said matrix (1) is compressed against said additional mould (24). 8. The machine for adapting a fibre structure to a mould for manufacturing parts of composite material, according to any one of the preceding claims 5, 6 or 7, characterised in that the functional face of the matrix (1) that is in contact with the deformable body (2), and a surface of the additional restoration mould (24), have surface textures with a degree of adherence between the deformable body (2) and the matrix (1) that is higher than the degree of adherence that exists between said deformable body (2) and said additional restoration mould (24); wherein said deformable body (2) when separating the matrix (1) from the additional mould (24), 22 remains adhered to said matrix (1) and not to said additional mould (24). 9. The machine for adapting a fibre structure to a mould for manufacturing parts of composite material, according to any one of the preceding claims 5, 6 or 7, characterised in that it additionally comprises a film (44) of elastic material, such as latex, which is located on the surface of the additional restoration mould (24); wherein said film (44) is placed between the deformable body (2) and said additional restoration mould (24); wherein the film (44) is secured by means of a fastening system (45) that does not invade the space of said additional mould (24); and wherein the film (44) is a body selected between a porous body and a body that has perforations (47) that enable the air enclosed between said film (44) and the deformable body (2) to be evacuated. 10. The machine for adapting a fibre structure to a mould for manufacturing parts of composite material, according to claim 9, characterised in that the fastening system (45) of the film (44) is solidly joined to the additional restoration mould (24). 11. The machine for adapting a fibre structure to a mould for manufacturing parts of composite material, according to claim 9, characterised in that the fastening system (45) of the film (44) is solidly joined to the matrix (1). 12. The machine for adapting a fibre structure to a mould for manufacturing parts of composite material, according to claim 9, characterised in that the fastening system (45) of the film (44) is an independent system configured to move relatively with respect to the additional mould (24) and with respect to the matrix (1); wherein the fastening of the film (44) is independent with respect to the additional mould (24) and with respect to the film (44) itself. 13. The machine for adapting a fibre structure to a mould for manufacturing parts of composite material, according to any one of the preceding claims 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 or 12, characterised in that it additionally comprises an elastic gasket (46) based on an elastic material with a great elongation at break, greater than 100%; wherein said elastic gasket (46) is located in the contour of the additional mould (24); and wherein said elastic gasket (46) may contain cavities, or reinforcements therein. 14. The machine for adapting a fibre structure to a mould for manufacturing parts of composite material, according to any one of the preceding claims 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 or 12, characterised in that it additionally comprises an elastic gasket (46) 23 based on an elastic material with a great elongation at break, greater than 100%; wherein the elastic gasket (46) is solidly joined to the matrix (1), being located along the contour thereof; wherein said elastic gasket (46) has a skirt (49) towards an interior space of said matrix (1) that is enclosed between said matrix (1) and the deformable body (2); wherein said elastic gasket (46) is configured to contain cavities, or reinforcements therein. 15. The machine for adapting a fibre structure to a mould for manufacturing parts of composite material, according to any one of the preceding claims 13 or 14, characterised in that the additional mould (24) has on the contact surface thereof an air evacuation structure (48) formed by grooves or pores that enables the evacuation of the air enclosed between the film (44) and said additional mould (24) during the recovery of the geometry of the deformable body (2) that is facing the contact surface of the air evacuation structure (48). 16. The machine for adapting a fibre structure to a mould for manufacturing parts of composite material, according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the securing system (5) of the fibre structure (4) additionally comprises an elastic element (32), such as an elastic polymer foam, which is located between the upper frame (31) and the separation sheet (30), and between the lower frame (29) and the separation sheet (30); wherein said elastic element (32) covers an area (37) greater than or equal to the effective securing area (36). 17. The machine for adapting a fibre structure to a mould for manufacturing parts of composite material, according to any of the preceding claims, characterised in that the separation sheets (30) comprise a material selected between a non- stick material, and any flexible material coated with said non-stick material. 18. The machine for adapting a fibre structure to a mould for manufacturing parts of composite material, according to claim 2, characterised in that the elastic film (34) is fastened to an element selected between the matrix (1) and the shaping mould (3). 19. The machine for adapting a fibre structure to a mould for manufacturing parts of composite material, according to claim 2, characterised in that the securing system (5) of the fibre structure (4) additionally comprises the elastic film (34); wherein said elastic film (34) is fastened either to the lower frame (29), to the upper frame (31) to both elements (29, 31); wherein said elastic film (34) is secured by means of a 24 fastening system (35), such as clamps. 20. The machine for adapting a fibre structure to a mould for manufacturing parts of composite material, according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the coupling system that links the lower frame (29), separation sheets (30) and upper frame (31), comprises at least one coupling element (33) selected between a cylindrical pin and a threaded rod; wherein - said coupling element (33) is solidly joined to either the upper frame (31) or the lower frame (29); - said coupling element (33) is arranged in a direction perpendicular to the planes of the lower frame (29), separation sheets (30) and upper frame (31); - the coupling element (33) passes through the separation sheets (30) and the respective frame (29 or 31) through holes included in said separation sheets (30) and in the respective frame (29 or 31). 21. The machine for adapting a fibre structure to a mould for manufacturing parts of composite material, according to any of the preceding claims 1 to 19, characterised in that the coupling system that links the lower frame (29), separation sheets (30) and upper frame (31) comprises a first hinge mechanism (55) and second hinge mechanisms (55'); wherein the upper frame (31) is connected to the lower frame (29) by means of the first hinge mechanism (55); and wherein the separation sheets (30) are connected to the lower frame (29) by means of the second hinge mechanisms (55'). 22. The machine for adapting a fibre structure to a mould for manufacturing parts of composite material, according to any of the preceding claims 1 to 19, characterised in that the coupling system that links the lower frame (29), separation sheets (30) and upper frame (31) comprises a first hinge mechanism (55) and a coupling element (33) such as a cylindrical pin or a threaded rod; wherein the upper frame (31) is connected to the lower frame (29) by means of the first hinge mechanism (55); and wherein the coupling element (33) crosses the separation sheets (30) and is joined to the lower frame (29). 23. The machine for adapting a fibre structure to a mould for manufacturing parts of composite material, according to claim 20, characterised in that the closure system (28) is linked to the cylindrical pin (33). 24. The machine for adapting a fibre structure to a mould for manufacturing parts of composite material, according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the matrix (1) is formed by several mobile parts (8) that are configured to move towards the shaping mould (3); wherein said parts (8) compress the deformable material (2) against the shaping mould (1) and are actuated by means of at least one mechanical actuator (9). 25. The machine for adapting a fibre structure to a mould for manufacturing parts of composite material, according to claim 24, characterised in that the mobile parts (8) are independently coupled to respective mechanical actuators (9). 26. The machine for adapting a fibre structure to a mould for manufacturing parts of composite material, according to claim 24, characterised in that the mobile parts (8) are coupled together to a single mechanical actuator (9) by means of an intermediate mechanism (10) that links the mobile parts (8) to the mechanical actuator (9)- 27. The machine for adapting a fibre structure to a mould for manufacturing parts of composite material, according to any of the preceding claims, characterised in that the securing elements (42) of the securing system (5) for fibres (4) are fastened by a system comprising: - a movement mechanism (52) that is actuated by means of a robotic system, or pushed by an actuator (53) solidly joined to the matrix (1); - a flexible arm (50) that is anchored at one of the ends thereof to a mobile element (54) of the movement mechanism (52); wherein the other end of the flexible arm (50) is anchored to the fibre securing element (42); - a rigid support (51) located under the flexible arm (50); wherein said rigid support (51) is configured to prevent said flexible arm (50) and the fibre securing element (42) from falling by their own weight; and wherein said rigid support (51) is anchored to the mobile element (54) of the movement mechanism (52). 26
