Resumen
The present invention relates to a plant for exploiting wind energy using compressed air as fluid, comprising capturing, liquefying for storage and using said energy. Capturing with wind turbines (11), the drive shaft of which rotates the compressors producing in a first step compressed air, follows a liquefying process until the storage thereof under pressure (111). This liquid is subsequently gasified, air at the same storage pressure passing through a combustion chamber (112) and moves turbines (113) with their corresponding generators being obtained. Other industrial uses of the liquefied air are compatible (117).
Reivindicaciones
1. A plant for exploiting wind energy by means of compressed air characterized in that it comprises: 1a) wind energy capturing means by means of wind turbines (11) configured for compressing air in the pod (12); 1b) air liquefying means (118), liquefied air pumping means (119) and storing means (111) wherein the liquefying means (118) comprise a plurality of scaling configured for reducing the inner energy of the gas and for extracting the water vapor content, the liquefying means (118) comprising: 1b1) compressing means (17); 1b2) cooling means (16); 1b3) expansion means (18) configured for collecting the drained water vapor. 1c) harnessing means by means of systems selected from liquefied air service systems with industrial purposes (117), electric generation systems (114) by means of gasification and combinations thereof. 2. The plant for exploiting wind energy by means of compressed air according to claim 1 characterized in that the following are successively placed on the shaft (41): 2a) a safety and decoupling oleohydraulic/pneumatic brake (42); 2b) a multiplier having a plurality of secondary output shafts (43) provided with oleohydraulic/pneumatic drive clutches (44) ending in the compressors (45) wherein the main circuit of compressed air in a first step of compression starts. 3. The plant for exploiting wind energy by means of compressed air according to claim 2, characterized in that one of the compressors (45) functions at variable angular velocity to generate a variable range of flow rates and to generate a pressure in accordance with a pressure from the receiving tank (15). 4. The plant for exploiting wind energy by means of compressed air according to claim 3, characterized in that the wind turbine (11) has a pod (12) orientation system configured for driving on least two oleohydraulic/pneumatic bidirectional orientation motors (46) regulated by a flow orientation divider (47), driving the cogwheels of the orientation motors on a toothed ring of the tower (13). 5. The plant for exploiting wind energy by means of compressed air according to claim 4, characterized in that the pod comprises an auxiliary pneumatic compressed air accumulator (413) in the rear part of the pod (12) configured for allowing the operation of all the auxiliary functions of the pod even when the wind turbine (11) is stopped. 6. The plant for exploiting wind energy by means of compressed air according to claim 5, characterized in that it further comprises auxiliary means configured for functioning with a fluid selected from compressed air and hydraulic oil according to the precision of movement required. 7. The plant for exploiting wind energy by means of compressed air according to claim 6, characterized in that it further comprises: 7a) a main pipe (14) configured for collecting the compressed air coming from the wind turbines (11) and obtaining collected air; 7b) cooling means (16) configured for cooling the collected air and obtaining cooled air; 7c) a regulating tank (15) configured for storing the cooled air in a pressure range between a maximum and a minimum for feeding liquefying means (118). 8. The plant for exploiting wind energy by means of compressed air according to any of claims 1-7, characterized in that it further comprises a final tank configured as a separating tank (19) for containing liquefied air in the base thereof and gas in the upper part thereof. 9. The plant for exploiting wind energy by means of compressed air according to claim 8, characterized in that it further comprises a feedback connecting the gas of the separating tank (19) with the entrance of a final compressor of the compressing means (17) through a mixture exchanger (110). 10. The plant for exploiting wind energy by means of compressed air according to claim 9, characterized in that the liquid of the separating tank (19) is pumped at high pressure for storage in a plurality of storage cylinders (111). 11. The plant for exploiting wind energy by means of compressed air according to claim 8, characterized in that the energy storing and regulating means comprise a plurality of vertical cylinders (51) having plungers (52) and leak tight elements, wherein there is a weight container (53) in the head of each plunger (52) configured to be filled with homogenously distributed dense materials. 12. The plant for exploiting wind energy by means of compressed air according to claim 11, characterized in that the cylinders (51) are selected from: 12a) only cylinders ; 12b) cylinders grouped in cells of at least four elements; configured for assuring the same pressure in all the cylinders (51), for allowing a regulation of pressure in the following gasification and electric generation areas. 13. The plant for exploiting wind energy by means of compressed air according to claim 12, characterized in that the uptake of the storage cylinders (51) is configured with a straight tube parting from the base thereof and traverses an opening made on the central part of the plunger (52) to remove the gas produced by auto-refrigeration and to prevent the accumulation thereof filling up the cylinder and impeding new inputs of liquefied air. 14. The plant for exploiting wind energy by means of compressed air according to claim 13, characterized in that the fluid which is extracted from the storage cylinders (51) receives heat as it passes through the cold side of the exchangers (16): 14a) located after the compressions, 14b) located at the outlet of the gases of the turbine, configured for extracting all the heat possible and for leaving the fluid in gas form, the temperature of which is adapted in an automatic combustion isobaric chamber (112) in order to achieve an optimum performance in the turbines (113). 15. The plant for exploiting wind energy by means of compressed air according to claim 14, characterized in that the turbines can have intermediate reheating and the exiting gases, after transferring their heat in the last exchanger, are expelled through a chimney (115). 16. The plant for exploiting wind energy by means of compressed air according to claim 15, characterized in that one or several turbines receive the gas at the storage regulated pressure and with the suitable temperature to move electric generators (114) in constant operating conditions. 17. The plant for exploiting wind energy by means of compressed air according to claim 16, characterized in that the operation of the plant is selected from: 17a) simultaneous capturing, storing and generating operation, 17b) a partial operation with the suitable bypass in the general line of the method provided: 17b1) for storing only liquefied air, 17b2) for discharging only stored energy, 17c3) for directly using the compressed air of the wind turbines in generation. 18. The plant for exploiting wind energy by means of compressed air according to claim 17, characterized in that the liquefied air can be used for different industrial uses from uptakes at a pressure selected from: 18a) high pressure (117); 18b) medium pressure (120).
