Resumen
<div notation="docdba" type="abstract" xml:base="/api/emi/section/f4fd56f8-27a9-48d5-8c73-c7a55f6a8502/image" xml:lang="en"><p>Obtaining a hielophobic surface using the sol-gel method without fluorides on commercial polyurethane paints. A new method of preparing a coating having excellent hélophobic characteristics is described. The procedure is simple, easy to scale and uses low cost raw materials. It can be applied with polyurethane base paints of commercial pipe. The method comprises the preparation of a sol-gel that is deposited forming a heterogeneous film of drops on a smooth and homogeneous previous layer of commercial paint. The coating allows to reduce the adhesion strength of the ice up to 80%. The hélófobas surfaces of this invention can be used to protect surfaces in different sectors such as aeronautics, wind, energy or telecommunications, where other systems against ice would not be easily applicable. (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)</p></div>
Reivindicaciones
1. A method for producing an icephobic surface comprising the following steps: I) Prepare a commercial polyurethane-based paint by mixing the components provided by the manufacturer. m) Add, optionally, a silicon alkyl-alkoxide to the commercial paint mixture (M1). n) Stir until the mixture is homogeneous. o) Deposit the modified paint on a substrate (S) to form a continuous and homogeneous layer (P). p) Partially dry the continuous layer of paint. q) Prepare a silica sol by means of hydrolysis of the alkoxides and/or hybrid silicon alkyl-alkoxides in a hydroalcoholic medium. r) Stir the sol until hydrolysis is complete. s) Add an acid or metal organic catalyst until acidic pH. t) Stir the sol to carry out polycondensation, giving rise to a gel. u) Partially deposit the produced sol-gel (M2) by means of a sprayer/nebuliser in the form of droplets which do not completely coat the previous surface. v) Densify the deposited sol-gel by means of heat treatment or let it dry under atmospheric conditions for at least 24 h.characterised in that fluorides are not used and in that the gel is deposited on the surface in the form of three-dimensional droplets without coating the entire surface. 2. The method for producing an icephobic surface, according to claim 1, wherein the alkyl-alkoxide that is added is a mono-substituted and/or disubstituted alkyl-siloxane. 3. The method for producing an icephobic surface, according to claim 2, wherein the alkyl-siloxane is 3-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane (GLYMO). 4. The method for producing an icephobic surface, according to claim 2, wherein the alkyl-siloxane is polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). 5. The method for producing an icephobic surface, according to claims 2 to 4, wherein the alkyl-alkoxide is added in a concentration between 0.5 and 20.0% by weight. 6. The method for producing an icephobic surface, according to claim 1, wherein the modified paint (M1) is applied by spraying to form a continuous and homogeneous layer (P). 7. The method for producing an icephobic surface, according to claim 1, wherein the partial drying of the deposited paint layer (P) is carried out at a temperature of 70 °C for 30 minutes or 4 hours at room temperature. 8. The method for producing an icephobic surface, according to claim 1, wherein the silica sol is prepared by means of the hydrolysis of tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) and glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane (GLYMO). 9. The method for producing an icephobic surface, according to claims 1 and 8, wherein the sol is magnetically stirred for 3 hours. 10. The method for producing an icephobic surface, according to claim 1, wherein the catalyst used for polycondensation is hydrochloric acid (HCI). 11. The method for producing an icephobic surface, according to claim 1, wherein the pH in the polycondensation step is close to 2. 12. The method for producing an icephobic surface, according to claim 1, wherein the sol-gel (M2) is deposited on the paint layer (P) by spraying, forming a heterogeneous layer of droplets which does not completely cover the previous surface. 13. The method for producing an icephobic surface, according to claim 1, wherein the deposited sol-gel (SG) densifies at a temperature between 20 and 150 °C.
