Reivindicaciones

1. An installation for measuring the unroundness and diameter of railway wheels using artificial vision, characterized in that it comprises for each side of a railway line: a rolling rail (2) over which the railway wheel (1) passes, to be measured at a speed of 5 to 10 km/h; a guard-rail (8) to center said wheel (1) during the measurement process; several compact light sources (3) to project compact light beams (9) over the wheel (1), such that they continuously interfere with the flange and rolling band of the wheel; an opaque filter (4) over which the images produced by said compact light beam (9) are projected; a video camera (5) to capture the images projected over the opaque filter (4); a computer (6) connected to the video camera (5) and destined to file the images captured by the latter and process them later on; and a trigger system (7) to detect the presence of a wheel (1) and to activate or deactivate the measuring equipment. 2. An installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the video camera (5) is designed to obtain and store between 50 and 76 images per second. 3. An installation according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the measurement length (L) is equal or less than that of the bogie wheelbase, preferably 200 mm less than said wheelbase. 4. An installation according to claims 1 to 3, characterized in that it comprises four compact light sources (3). 5. An installation according to claims 1 to 4, characterized in that said compact light sources (3) are cylindrical lasers. 6. A process for measuring the unroundness and diameter of railway wheels in which the installation of claims 1 to 5 is used, characterized in that the measurement equipment is activated with the trigger system (7); several compact light beams (9) are projected, preferably four beams, from the compact light sources (3) over the wheel (1) to be measured, such that said beams continuouly interfere with the wheel flange and rolling band; the images generated by the compact light beams (9) are projected over the opaque filter (4); the images projected over the opaque filter (4) are captured with the video camera (5), filing the images in said camera; and the video camera (5) images are fed to a computer (6), where they are filed for later processing.