Reivindicaciones
1. An isolated polynucleotide consisting of the nucleotide sequence comprised between nucleotide 26,064,934 and nucleotide 26,642,665 of human chromosome 21 (NCBI35:21:26064934:26642665:1), or a fragment of said polynucleotide comprising the complete human APP gene (hAPP) together with the regulatory sequences thereof . 2. Polynucleotide according to claim 1, wherein said complete hAPP gene together with the regulatory sequences thereof is comprised between nucleotide 26,174,733 and nucleotide 26,464,809 of human chromosome 21 (NCBI35:21:26174733:26464809:1). 3. Polynucleotide according to claim 1, consisting of the nucleotide sequence comprised between nucleotide 26,064,934 and nucleotide 26,573,344 of human chromosome 21 (NCBI35:21: 26064934:26573344:1). 4. Polynucleotide according to claim 1, wherein said hAPP gene is flanked at its 5' end (in relation to the origin and the direction of the APP gene transcription) by a first nucleotide sequence and at its 3' end (in relation to the end and the direction of the APP gene transcription) by a second nucleotide sequence, wherein: - said first nucleotide sequence consists by the nucleotide sequence comprised between nucleotide 26,464,810 and nucleotide 26,642,665 of human chromosome 21 (NCBI35:21:26464810:26642665:1), or a fragment thereof comprising at least one unique sequence, and - said second nucleotide sequence consists by the nucleotide sequence comprised between nucleotide 26,064,934 and nucleotide 26,174,732 of human chromosome 21 (NCBI35:21:26064934:26174732:1), or a fragment thereof comprising at least one unique sequence. 5. Polynucleotide according to claim 4, wherein: - said first nucleotide sequence comprises the nucleotide sequence comprised between nucleotide 26,464,810 and nucleotide 26,573,344 of human chromosome 21 (NCBI35:21:26464810:26573344:1), or a fragment thereof comprising at least one unique sequence, and - said second nucleotide sequence comprises the nucleotide sequence comprised between nucleotide 26,064,934 and nucleotide 26,174,732 of human chromosome 21 (NCBI35:21:26064934:26174732:1), or a fragment thereof comprising at least one unique sequence. 6. Polynucleotide according to any of claims 4 or 5, wherein said first nucleotide sequence comprises the nucleotide sequence comprised between nucleotide 26,571,876 and nucleotide 26,573,344 of human chromosome 21 (NCBI35:21:26571876:26573344:1). 7. Polynucleotide according to any of claims 4 or 5, wherein said second nucleotide sequence comprises the nucleotide sequence comprised between nucleotide 26,064,934 and nucleotide 26,067,221 of human chromosome 21 (NCBI35:21:26064934:26067221:1). 8. A vector comprising a polynucleotide according to any of claims 1 to 7. 9. Vector according to claim 8, selected from the group formed by a YAC (yeast artificial chromosome), a BAC (bacterial artificial chromosome) or a PAC (P1-derived artificial chromosome). 10. Vector according to claim 8, wherein said polynucleotide is flanked at one of its ends by a third nucleotide sequence and at the other opposite end by a fourth nucleotide sequence, wherein: - said third nucleotide sequence comprises (i) a telomere functional in yeast cells and at least (ii) one auxotrophic selection marker, and - said fourth nucleotide sequence comprises (i) a centromere functional in yeast cells, a telomere functional in yeast cells and at least one auxotrophic selection marker. 11. Vector according to claim 10, wherein said auxotrophic selection marker is selected from the group comprised betweenTRP1, LEU2, LYS2, HIS3, HIS5, TRP1, URA3 . 12. A cell comprising a polynucleotide according to any of claims 1 to 7, or a vector according to any of claims 8 to 11. 13. A transgenic non-human animal containing a polynucleotide according to any of claims 1 to 7 inserted in the genome thereof. 14. Transgenic animal according to claim 13, wherein said animal is a mammal, preferably a rodent, more preferably a mouse or a rat. 15. Transgenic animal according to claim 13 or 14, the genome of which further contains one or more molecular markers of Alzheimer's disease. 16. Transgenic animal according to claim 15, wherein said molecular markers of Alzheimer's disease are selected from the group comprised between thePS1, PS2 genes and the epsilon4 (ε4) allele of the APOE gene. 17. Use of a transgenic non-human animal according to any of claims 13 to 16 as an animal model for studying Alzheimer's disease, both Sporadic Alzheimer's disease (SAD) and Familial Alzheimer's disease (FAD). 18. Use of a transgenic non-human animal according to any of claims 13-16 as an Alzheimer's disease model for studying the etiology of the disease, the causes, the triggering factors, the environmental and/or physiopathological aggressions or insults leading to the establishment of the disease. 19. Use of a transgenic non-human animal according to any of claims 13 to 16 for screening, discovering, identifying, evaluating and validating potentially useful compounds for the treatment and/or prevention of Alzheimer's disease. 20. Use of a transgenic non-human animal according to any of claims 13 to 16 for obtaining a transgenic non-human animal expressing only the hAPP gene. 21. A method for identifying a potentially useful compound for the treatment and/or prevention of Alzheimer's disease, comprising the steps of: a) administering a candidate compound to a transgenic non-human animal according to any of claims 13 to 16; b) determining the expression pattern of the hAPP gene and/or the hAPP protein production and/or the β-amyloid (Aβ) peptide production in said transgenic non-human animal of step (a), and c) selecting the candidate compound causing (i) a decrease in the hAPP gene expression levels in nervous tissue, (ii) a decrease of hAPP protein production and/or accumulation and/or (iii) a decrease in Aβ peptide production and/or accumulation in said transgenic non-human animal 22. The offspring of a transgenic non-human animal endogenously expressing the human APP gene with an expression pattern similar or equivalent to the expression pattern of said gene in humans.
