Reivindicaciones
1. Catalyst component (A) for the polymerization of α-olefins in suspension, in gas phase at low and high pressures and temperatures or in a mass at high pressures and high or low temperatures, comprising: a) a functionalized support (A.1) resulting from the reaction of an inorganic porous support comprising one or more oxides of the elements of groups 2, 13 or 14 of the periodic table, dehydrated or not and a functionalizing compound of general formula: <img class="EMIRef" id="431165335-ib0015" /> wherein: R<1> is halogen, alcoxide of formula OR, R being a branched or a non-branched alkyl having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, a C<5> -C<7> cycloalkyl, a C<6> -C<10> aryl, a C<1> -C<10> alkenyl, a C<7> -C<10> arylalkyl or a C<7> -C<40> alkylaryl; R<2> , R<3> , R<4> and R<5> , equal to or different from each others are linear or branched alkyl C<1> -C<6> , C<5> -C<7> cycloalkyl, C<6> -C<10> aryl, C<2> -C<10> alkenyl, C<7> -C<10> arylalkyl, or a C<7> -C<40> alkylaryl. R<6> is a methylene or propylene group; F is selected from the group consisting of: -NH<2> , -NHR, -SH, -OH, or -PHR wherein R has the above defined meaning; the addition of a + b + c is equal to 3, a being always higher than 0; d , e can have indipendently values between 0 and 10; b) an organo aluminium compound (A.2) c) one or more metallocene complexes of groups 3, 4, 5 and 6 of the periodic table (A.3) represented by the general formula III: <img class="EMIRef" id="431165335-ib0016" /> wherein: M is a transition metal of the groups 3, 4, 5 or 6 of the periodic table; each X is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, linear or branched alkyl having from 1 to 10 carbon atoms, C<1> -C<10> alkoxyl, C<5> -C<7> cycloalkyl, C<6> -C<10> aryl, C<6> -C<10> aryloxyl, C<2> -C<1> alkenyl, C<7> -C<10> arylalkyl, C<7> -C<40> alkylaryl or C<8> -C<40> arylalkenyl. L<1> is selected from the group consisting of: cyclopentadienyl (Cp) of formula:, <img class="EMIRef" id="431165335-ib0017" /> indenyl (Ind) of formula: <img class="EMIRef" id="431165335-ib0018" /> or fluorenyl (Flu) of formula: <img class="EMIRef" id="431165335-ib0019" /> wherein each W is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, linear or branched alkyl groups from 1 to 10 carbon atoms, C<5> -C<7> cycloalkyl which can be substituted by an alkyl having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, C<6> -C<10> aryl, C<2> -C<10> alkenyl, C<7> -C<10> arylalkyl or C<7> -C<40> alkylaryl; a group of general formula (IV): <img class="EMIRef" id="431165335-ib0020" /> wherein: R<7> , R<8> , R<9> , R<10> , R<11> , R<12> , R<13> and R<14> , equal or different from each other, are hydrogen, linear or branched alkyl groups having from 1 to 10 carbon atoms, C<5> -C<7> cycloalkyl, which can be substituted by an alkyl having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, C<6> -C<10> aryl, C<2> -C<10> alkenyl, C<7> -C<10> arylalkyl or C<7> -C<40> arylalkyl. R<7> and R<8> can also be equal to Y. Y can be a halogen or NR<11> R<12> or hydroxyl o, p, q, r, s are integers which can have values comprised between 0 and 10. u = 5-g v = 7 -g z =9-g D is equal to L<1> or is an heteroatom belonging to group 13, 14, 15, or 16 of the periodic table, A is a group which binds the ligands L<1> and D according to the formula (V): <img class="EMIRef" id="431165335-ib0021" /> wherein T is carbon, silicon, germanium or tin; j is an integer which can have the values of 0, 1,2,3 or 4; k is an integer which can have the values of 0, 1, 2 or 3; m , n , and h are integers so as their addition is equal to 4; m and n have the values of 0, 1 or 2 so that their addition can be only 1 or 2: h can never be higher than 3; g is an integer comprised between 0 and 2; when h is equal to 3 then m + n are equal to 1 and g is 0. 2. Catalyst component according to claim 1 characterized in that the metallocene for the preparation of the supported catalyst (component A) is represented by the following formula (IIIa): <img class="EMIRef" id="431165335-ib0022" /> wherein M is a transition metal of the groups 3, 4, 5 or 6 of the periodic table. each X is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, linear or branched alkyls having from 1 to 10 carbon atoms, C<1> -C<10> alkoxyl, C<5> -C<7> cycloalkyl, C<6> -C<10> aryl, C<6> -C<10> aryloxyl, C<2> -C<1> alkenyl, C<7> -C<10> arylalkyl, C<7> -C<40> alkylaryl or C<8> -C<40> arylalkenyl; L<1> ,L<2> are independently selected from the group consisting of: cyclopentadienyl (Cp.) of formula :, <img class="EMIRef" id="431165335-ib0023" /> <img class="EMIRef" id="431165335-ib0024" /> indenyl (Ind) of formula: <img class="EMIRef" id="431165335-ib0025" /> or fluorenyl (Flu) of formula: <img class="EMIRef" id="431165335-ib0026" /> wherein each W is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, linear or branched alkyl group from 1 to 10 carbon atoms, C<5> -C<7> cycloalkyl which can be substituted by an alkyl having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, C<6> -C<10> aryl, C<2> -C<10> alkenyl, C<7> -C<10> arylalkyl or C<7> -C<40> alkylaryl, a compound of general formula (IV): <img class="EMIRef" id="431165335-ib0027" /> wherein: R<7> , R<8> , R<9> , R<10> , R<11> , R<12> , R<13> and R<14> , equal to or different from each other, are hydrogen, linear or branched alkyl groups having from 1 to 10 carbon atoms, C<5> -C<7> cycloalkyl, which can be substituted by an alkyl having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, C<6> -C<10> aryl, C<2> -C<10> alkenyl, C<7> -C<10> arylalkyl or C<7> -C<40> arylalkyl. R<7> and R<8> can also be equal to Y. Y can be a halogen or hydroxyl o, p, q, r, s are integers which can have values comprised between 0 and 10. u = 5-g v = 7 -g z = 9 -g A is a group which binds the ligands L<1> and L<2> according to the formula (V): <img class="EMIRef" id="431165335-ib0028" /> wherein T is carbon, silicon, germanium or tin; j is an integer which can have the values of 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4; k is an integer which can have the values of 0,1,2 or 3; m and h are integers so as their addition is equal to 4; m and n have the values of 0, 1 or 2 so that their addition can be only 1 or 2; h can never be higher than 3; g is an integer comprised between 0 and 2; when h is equal to 3 then m + n are equal to 1 and g is 0. 3. Catalyst component according to claims lor 2 characterized in that the catalytic support is an inorganic compound with superficial hydroxy groups selected from the group consisting of: oxides, silicates, carbonates phosphates, clay and their mixtures. 4. Catalyst component according to claim 3 characterized in that the catalytic support is silica or silica in combination with oxides of aluminium, titanium, vanadium, chromium, phosphorous, aluminium and phosphorous or their mixtures 5. Catalyst component according to claims 1-2 characterized in that the surface area of the catalytic supports ranges from 10 to 1000 m<2> /g the pore volume varies between 0.2 and 4 cm<3> /g and the average particle size varies between 1 and 500 µm 6. Catalyst component according to claim 5 characterized in that the surface area of the catalytic supports ranges from 150 to 650 m<2> /g the pore volume varies between 0.6 and 4 cm<3> /g and the average particle size varies between 5 and 200 µm. 7. Catalyst component according to claim 1 characterized in that the surface concentration of hydroxy groups on the inorganic support vary between 0.1 and 4 meq OH/g of support. 8. Catalyst component according to claim 7 characterized in that the surface concentration of hydroxy groups on the inorganic support vary between preferably between 0.3-3 meq OH/g of support 9. Catalyst component according to claims 1 characterized in that in the metallocene formula (III) M is selected from the group consisting of Ti, Zr, or Hf. 10. Catalyst component according to claims 2 characterized in that in the metallocene formula (IIIa) M is selected from the group consisting of Ti, Zr, or Hf. 11. Catalyst component according to claims 1-2 characterized in that in formula (IV) Y is selected from the group consisting of Cl, Br or I. 12. Catalyst component according to claims 1-11, characterized in that the organo aluminium compound is an alkylaluminoxane having from 4 to 50 alkyl groups containing from 2 to 20 carbon atoms. 13. Catalyst component according to claims 1-12 characterized in that the ratio between the quantities of the porous inorganic support and the functionalizing agent of formula (I) are such that the molar ratio between hydroxy groups and R<1> groups of formula (I) ranges from 0.10 to 6. 14. Catalyst component according to claims 1-13 characterized in that the ratio between the quantities of the porous inorganic support and the functionalizing agent of formula (I) is such that the molar ratio between hydroxy groups and R<1> groups of formula (I) ranges from 0.2 to 4 . 15. Catalyst component according to claims 1-10, characterized in that the ratio between the quantities of the functionalized supports of general formula (II) and of the organo aluminium compound described as A.2 is such that the ratio of Al per g of the functionalized support ranges from 0.05 to 30 mmoles/g. 16. Catalyst component according to claim 15, characterized in that the ratio between the quantities of the functionalized supports of general formula (II) and of the organo aluminium compound A.2 is such that the ratio of Al per g of the functionalized support ranges from 1 to 15 mmoles/g. 17. Catalyst component according to claims 1-16, characterized in that the ratio of the quantities of the functionalized supports of general formula (II) and of the organo metallic compound (A.3) is such that the ratio transition metal/g of the functionalized support ranges from 0.01 to 10 mmoles/g . 18. Catalyst component according to claims 1-17 characterized in that the ratio of the quantities of the functionalized supports of general formula (II) and of the organo metallic compound (A.3) is such that the ratio transition metal/g of the functionalized support ranges from 0.1 to 7 mmoles/g. 19. Catalytic system for polymerization of olefins according to claims 1-17 comprising the catalyst component of claim 1 and a co-catalyst constituted by non-coordinative ionizing compounds. 20. Catalytic system for polymerization of olefins according to claim 19 characterized in that the co-catalyst is selected from the group consisting of alkyl aluminoxanes, bulky boron compound or alkyl aluminium. 21. Process for obtaining polyolefins characterized by the use of the catalytic system according to claims 1-20. 22. Process for obtaining polyolefins according to claim 21 characterized in that the polymerization temperature ranges from -60°C to 280°C, the pressure ranges from 1 to 2000 atmospheres, the concentration of the transition metal ranges from 10<-7> to 10<-3> and the ratio co-catalyst B/transition metal is comprised between 10 and 10000 when using an organoaluminium compound and between 0.5 and 10 when using a boro compound. 23. A process for obtaining polyolefins according to claims 21-22 characterized in that the monomer is ethylene. 24. A process for obtaining copolymers according to claims 21-23 characterized in that the co-monomer is selected from the following group: 1-butene, 1-hexene, 1-octane, 1-hexadecane and 4-methylpentane or mixtures thereof. 25. Polyolefins according to claims 21-24 characterized in that the polymer does not contain particle having size lower than 100 µm..
