Reivindicaciones
1. A pillared laminar oxide material with an interlaminar space pillared by at least a polymeric oxide consisting of at least a tetravalent element and at least a trivalent element of the periodic table and with a chemical composition represented by the formula (XO 2 ) n (Y 2 O 3 ) m (H 2 O) p <img class="EMIRef" id="586688018-ib0001" /> wherein X represents one or more tetravalent elements and Y represents one or more trivalent elements, and which has, in its calcined form, an X-ray diffractogram with basal spacings and relative intensities corresponding to: 37.01 60-100% 18.77 0-20% 7.01 0-20% 6.51 0-20% 3.95 0-20% 3.50 0-20% 2.62 0-20% 2.35 0-20% 2. An oxide material according to claim 1, that has, in its calcined form, the following surface characteristics: S<EXT> of at least 500 m<2>/g and S<MIC> higher than 0. 3. An oxide material, according to claim 2, that has, in its calcined form, surface characteristics as follows: S<TOT> 716 m<2>/g) S<MIC> 68 m<2>/g S<EXT> 648 m<2>/g V<TOT> 0.7094 cm<3>/g and V<MIC> 0.2734 cm<3>/g. 4. An oxide material, according to claim 1, wherein the atomic ratio between X and Y is at least 5. 5. An oxide material, according to claim 1, wherein the atomic ratio of X to Y is higher than 10. 6. An oxide material, according to claim 1, wherein the atomic ratio of X to Y is higher than 30. 7. An oxide material, according to claim 1, wherein the atomic ratio of X to Y is higher than 40. 8. An oxide material, according to claim 1, wherein the atomic ratio of X to Y is in the range between 30 and 500. 9. An oxide material, according to any of the claims 1, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8, wherein X represents at least a tetravalent element selected among silicon, germanium, and titanium. 10. An oxide material, according to any of the claims 1, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8, wherein X represents silicon. 11. An oxide material, according to any of the claims 1, 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8, wherein Y represents at least a trivalent element selected among aluminum, boron, iron, chromium and gallium. 12. An oxide material, according to any of the claims 1, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8, wherein Y represents aluminum. 13. An oxide material, according to any of the claims 1, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8, wherein X represents silicon and Y represents aluminum. 14. A process for the preparation of an oxide material, as defined in any of the preceding claims, and that comprises, - a first step, wherein a laminar precursor capable of being swollen is prepared, by mixing a source of at least a tetravalent element, a source of at least a trivalent element, a fluoride salt and a fluoride acid, an organic compound selected among 1,4-diaminobutane, ethylenediamine, 1,4-dimethylpiperazine, 1,4-diaminocyclohexane, hexamethyleneimine, pyrrolidine, and 4-amino-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine; and water, in an autoclave, the mixture being continuously stirred at temperatures between 100ºC and 200ºC during a period between 1 and 30 days, until a solid is obtained which is washed and dried at a temperature below 300ºC and is capable of being swollen, - a second step wherein the solid capable of being swollen is mixed with a "swelling" solution in a weight ratio of swelling solution to precursor laminar material between 4 and 200, being the resulting suspension kept under reflux and permanent stirring between 20 and 200°C for a time no less than 1 hour, wherein the swelling solution has a pH higher than 10 and comprises an organic compound of long hydrocarbonated chain with a proton acceptor group, and an OH<-> donator group, obtaining a swollen laminar material, - a third step wherein the swollen laminar material is thoroughly washed and dried giving rise to a swollen dried laminar material, which has a characteristic X-ray diffraction diagram with basal spacings and relative intensities corresponding to: 28.20 60-100% 14.45 40-60% 9.81 0-20% 6.46 0-20% 4.31 20-40% 4.10 20-40% 3.93 20-40% 3.65 0-20% 3.49 20-40%M 2.87 0-20% 2.62 0-20% and - a fourth step wherein the swollen dried laminar material is pillared by means of pillaring agents, using a suspension of the swollen dried material in a pillaring agent with a weight proportion between 2 and 20, keeping said suspension under reflux and nitrogen flow for at least one hour, washing the obtained pillared material, drying it and calcining, to obtain the pillared mixed oxide, ITQ-36. 15. A process according to claim 14, wherein the source of tetravalent element is a silicon source and the source of trivalent element is an aluminum source. 16. A process according to claim 15, wherein the source of silicon is a silica source selected among AEROSIL, LUDOX, CABOSIL and tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS). 17. A process according to claim 15, wherein the source of aluminum is selected among boehmite, pseudoboehmite, Al<2>(SO<4>)<3>, AlCl<3> and Al(NO<3>). 18. A process according to claim 14, wherein the fluoride salt and fluoride acid source are ammonium fluoride and hydrogen fluoride respectively. 19. A process according to claim 14, wherein the organic compound in the first step is 4-amino-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine. 20. A process according to claim 14, wherein the first step is carried out during a period of between 2 and 12 days at an autogenous pressure in an autoclave. 21. A process according to claim 14, wherein the solid obtained in the first step has a pH between 9 and 10. 22. A process according to claim 14, wherein the solid obtained in the first step is dried at a temperature lower than 200°C. 23. A process according to claim 14, wherein the organic compound of the swelling solution is selected among a quaternary alkylammonium, an amine and an alcohol with more than three carbons in the chain. 24. A process according to claim 14, wherein the source of OH<-> groups in the swelling solution is cetyltrimethylammonium hydroxide. 25. A process according to claim 14, wherein in the second step the solid material capable of being swollen is maintained in the swelling solution at a temperature between 40°C and 120°C. 26. A process according to claim 14, wherein the swollen laminar material is dried at a temperature lower than 150°C. 27. A process according to claim 14, wherein the pillaring agents are polymeric oxides of elements selected among elements of group IVA, elements of group IVB of the Periodic Table. 28. A process according to claim 14, wherein the pillaring agents further contain elements that provide catalytically active acid sites in the pillars. 29. A process according to claim 28, wherein the elements that provide catalytically active acid sites in the pillars are selected among aluminum, gallium, rare earth and mixtures thereof. 30. A process according to claim 14 or 27, wherein the pillaring agent is tetraethylorthosilicate. 31. A process according to claim 14, wherein in the fourth step the pillared laminar material is calcined at temperatures between 300 and 800°C. 32. A process, according to claim 14, wherein the material ITQ-36 undergoes a subsequent hydrothermal calcination step. 33. A process, according to claim 14, wherein the material ITQ-36 undergoes a post-calcination in the presence of fluorine or a fluorine compound. 34. A process, according to claim 14, wherein the material ITQ-36 undergoes a treatment with a phosphorous compound. 35. A catalytic composition that comprises an oxide material according to any of the claims 1 to 13 and a hydrogenating function such as Pt, Pd, Ru, Ni, Co, Mo, V, W, Rh or any of the combinations thereof, whether they are deposited on the oxide material or on a high surface support such as alumina, silica or silica-alumina. 36. The use of a catalytic composition according to claim 35 in a process for the isodewaxing of paraffins that comprises contacting the hydrocarbon feed together with hydrogen at temperatures between 250 and 400°C, at pressures between 10 and 90 atmospheres, with the catalytic composition. 37. The use of a catalytic composition according to claim 35 as a dewaxing catalyst. 38. A catalytic compound formed by an oxide material, according to any of the claims 1 to 13 and a matrix. 39. A catalytic compound, according to claim 38, wherein the matrix is a refractory oxide. 40. Use of a catalytic compound according to claim 38 or 39 in a process for the catalytic isomerization of n-butenes in isobutenes that involves contacting the hydrocarbon with the catalytic compound, at temperatures between 300 and 500°C. 41. Use of a catalytic compound according to claim 38 or 39 in a hydrocarbon cracking process that comprises contacting the hydrocarbons with the catalytic compound, at temperatures higher than 400°C and that may or may not be in the presence of steam.
