Reivindicaciones

1. Method for increasing or reducing the development of sylleptic and/or proleptic branching in a ligneous plant with respect to its wild variety which comprises modifying the expression of genesRAV1 and/orRAV2, or of their functional derivatives. 2. A method according to claim 1, wherein said modification is performed in the whole plant. 3. A method according to claim 1, wherein said modification is performed specifically in a tissue or organ. 4. A method according to any of claims 1 to 3, wherein said modification is permanent. 5. A method according to any of claims 1 to 3, wherein said modification is temporary. 6. A method according to any of claims 1 to 5, wherein said modification of the expression ofRAV1 and/orRAV2 is an overexpression. 7. A method according to claim 6, wherein said overexpression comprises introducing a gene construct in the plant. 8. A method according to claim 7, wherein said gene construct comprises the fusion to a promoter of a gene encoding a polypeptide simultaneously containing the AP2 and B3 domains, or their functional derivative. 9. A method according to claim 8, wherein said gene isRAV1 and/orRAV2. 10. A method according to claim 9, wherein said gene is the geneCsRAV1 fromCastanea sativa Miller identified by SEQ ID NO: 1. 11. A method according to any of claims 8 to 10, wherein said promoter is a constitutive promoter. 12. A method according to claim 11, wherein said constitutive promoter is CaMV35S, cauliflower mosaic virus 35S, or its functional derivative. 13. A method according to any of claims 8 to 10, wherein said promoter is an inducible promoter. 14. A method according to any of claims 8 to 13, wherein said promoter is a tissue- or organ-specific promoter. 15. TheCsRAV1 gene isolated fromCastanea sativa Miller identified by SEQ ID NO: 1. 16. CsRAV1 isolated fromCastanea sativa Miller identified by a sequence with at least 91.7% of identity with respect to SEQ ID NO: 1. 17. The protein obtained in the expression ofCsRAV1 identified by SEQ ID NO: 2. 18. Expression vector comprising the gene CsRAV1 and the promoter CaMV35S, or their functional derivatives. 19. Ligneous plant with at least one CsRAV1-encoding polynucleotide, or its functional analogs, stably integrated in the genome of the cells. 20. A method according to claim 6, wherein said overexpression is obtained at least by a mutation or an insertion of T-DNA in a gene encoding a polypeptide simultaneously containing the AP2 and B3 domains. 21. A method according to claim 20, wherein said gene isRAV1 and/orRAV2, or their functional derivatives. 22. A method according to any of claims 1 to 5, wherein said modification of the expression ofRAV1 and/orRAV2 is a reduction in expression. 23. A method according to claim 22, wherein said reduction in expression comprises gene silencing. 24. A method according to claim 23, wherein said gene silencing is obtained by interference RNAs, microRNAs or antisense messengers. 25. A method according to any of claims 22 to 24, wherein said reduction comprises introducing a gene construct to the plant. 26. A method according to claim 25, wherein said gene construct comprises the fusion to a promoter of a gene encoding a polypeptide simultaneously containing the AP2 and B3 domains, or their functional derivative to a promoter. 27. A method according to claim 26, wherein said gene isRAV1 and/orRAV2. 28. A method according to one of claims 26 or 27, wherein said promoter is a constitutive promoter. 29. A method according to claim 28, wherein said constitutive promoter is CaMV35S, cauliflower mosaic virus 35S, or its functional derivative. 30. A method according to one of claims 26 or 27, wherein said promoter is an inducible promoter. 31. A method according to any of claims 26 to 30, wherein said promoter is a tissue- or organ-specific promoter. 32. A method according to claim 22, wherein said reduction comprises the endogenous production of at least one specific antibody against a protein simultaneously containing the AP2 and B3 domains. 33. A method according to claim 32, wherein said protein is RAV1 and/or RAV2. 34. A method according to claim 22, wherein said reduction is obtained at least by a mutation or an insertion of T-DNA in a gene encoding a polypeptide simultaneously containing the AP2 and B3 domains. 35. A method according to claim 34, wherein said gene isRAV1 and/orRAV2, or their functional derivatives. 36. Cell of ligneous plant with modified RAV1 and/or RAV2 expression. 37. Transgenic ligneous plant with modified RAV1 and/or RAV2 expression. 38. Plant product obtained from a transgenic ligneous plant with modified RAV1 and/or RAV2 expression. 39. A plant product according to claim 38, wherein said plant product is a bioliquid. 40. A plant product according to claim 39, wherein said bioliquid is a biofuel. 41. Wood obtained from a transgenic ligneous plant with modified RAV1 and/or RAV2 expression.